Oochlosjpermum] X. BIXACEiE 39 



SublLimalayan tract, from tlie Sutlej to tlie Sarda river, Beliar, Bandelkliand, Central 

 Provinces, Deccan and east side of tlie Peninsula. PI. February- April. Dry region of 

 tlie Irawaddi valley. — Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Cambodia. Yields a colourless gum. 



Bixa orellana, Linn. *, Wigbt 111. t. 17 ; Bedd. PL Sylv. t. 79, Arnotto, Vern. TMdin^ 

 Burm. ; a native of America, but long cultivated and naturalized in India, is a small 

 tree witb. few brandies, leaves cordate, acuminate. PL large, 1-2 in. diam., wliite or 

 pink, capsule reddisli-brown, clothed with soft prickles. Seeds covered with a red pulp 

 (originally flesliy papillae on the testa), wliicli yields the well known dye, albumen 

 farinaceous. PI. B. §. 



2. SCOLOPIA, Schreber; M. Brit. Ind. i. 190. 



Trees, of tea with axillary spines. Leaves coriaceous, the lowest pair or pairs 

 of secondary nerves from the base. PI. 2 -sexual, small, in axillary racemes. 

 Sepals 4-6, petals similar to sepals, imbricate in bud. Stamens numerous, 

 anthers opening by slits, connective produced beyond anthers. Ovules few, 

 on 3-4 parietal placentas. Berry 2-4 seeded. Species 16, 1 in Australia, 

 the rest in tropical Asia and Africa. 



1. S. crenata, Clos ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 78. — Syn. S. acuminata^ Clos ; 

 Trimen Handb. Ceylon i. 70. 



A middle-sized tree, thorny while young, glabrous except inflorescence, wood 



red, close grained. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 in., more or less 



distinctly crenate. Fl. in axillary racemes, pedicels 1-3 fld., connective of 



anthers glabrous. Berry green, globose, f in. diam. 



Common in the forests of the Western G-hats, from North Kanara southwards, 

 Nilgiris, Shevaroys, Malnad of Mysore. Fl. H. S. Ceylon, Borneo, Philippines, 



2. S. RoxTtJur^Mi, Clos; Kurz, P. Fl. i. 73. Mergui, Malay Peninsula. Branches 

 armed with long, strong, straight and compound si^ines. PI yellow, solitary, connective 

 ciliate, fruit olive-shaped. 



3. FLACOURTIA, Commers.; FL Brit. Ind. i. 191* 



Trees or shrubs, mostly armed with spinescent branchlets, young shoots and 

 leaves often red. Leaves toothed or crenate, the lowest or the two lowest 

 pairs of secondary nerves proceeding from the base. Fl. small, dioecious in 

 most species, sepals 4-5 imbricate, petals 0, 3Me : Stamens numerous, 

 anthers attached by the bark, opening by slits. Female : Ovary 2-6 celled, 

 the parietal placentas meeting in the centre, disk annular, lobed, or of distinct 

 glands. Styles 2-10, short, free, or connate. Fruit a drupe with a number 

 of 1-seeded stones. Cotyledons orbicular. Species 15, difficult to distinguish, 

 tropical Africa and Asia, 



A. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate, length of blade more than twice its greatest 

 width, 



1. F. cataphracta, Roxb. ; Kurz, F. Fl. i. 74. Vern. Na-ytvi, Burm. ^ 

 A middle-sized deciduous tree, wood reddish, close-grained, stem armed with 

 compound spines, Toung shoots slightly pubescent. Leaves glabrous, lanceo- 

 late or ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 in. Sepals hairy within, edges ciliate. Uyary 

 narrowed into a short, cylindrical or conical style. Stigmas 4r'6, capitate. 

 Fruit globose, f in. diam., stones 10-14. 

 Subhimalayan tract, from Nepal eastwards, Burma. Fl. 0. S. ^ ^^ o -v 



The foUowins: 3 species have the secondary nerves very prominent beneatli : a i, 

 montana, Graham. Konkan, north and south Kanara. A very thorny tree, branchlets 

 softly tomentose. Leaves 4-8 in., glabrous above, except the hairy midrib, sligmiy 

 pubescent beneath. Fl. dioecious in fascicled, densely pubescent racemes. B. F. moms. 

 Hook. fil. & Thorns. Tenasserim, Kaoliin hills of Upper Btirma. Branchlets and under- 

 side of leaves densely and softly tomentose. Leaves 5-7 m., !^\l^f ^.^"Jf^^f ^^^^^ 

 dioecious, in short axillary racemes, 4. F. toermis, Eoxb. ; Cor. PI. t. 22^. A native ot 



