Garcinia] XV. QUTTIFERfE 4.% 



1. GARCINIA, Linn.; M. Brit. Ind. i. 259. 



Trees, rarely shrubs, as a rule entirely glabrous, in most species with a 

 yellow rarely white, resinous juice in the bark, pith and endocarp, perhaps 

 also in the wood. Leaves evergreen, rarely stipulate. Fl. cymose or 

 solitary, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, petals 4 or 5, imbricate, Male : Stamens 

 numerous, collected in a ring or in several bundles, which sixrround a rudimen- 

 tary ovary, more often on a central often 4-corn6red mass, rarely free. Female 

 or bisexual : A 2-12 celled ovary crowned by a large peltate stigma, which is 

 usually sessile, ovules solitary in each cell attached to the inner angle. Stamens 

 or staminodes generally surrounding the ovaiy. Fruit with a coriaceous rind, 

 seeds embedded in pulp. The embryo consists of a large homogeneous fleshy 

 mass, the cells of which are filled with oil. Species 180, tropics of the old 

 world. 



A. Fl. pentamerous, occasionally on the same tree tetramerous. Male : 

 Stamens in 5 bundles surrounding a distinct rudimentary ovary. 



1. G. Xanthochymus, Hook, fil.— Syn. Xanthochymus picformsj Eoxb. 

 Cor. PL t. 196 ; Bedd. FL Sylv. t. 88. Yern. JJiaramM, Mar. ; Deva garige^ 

 Janagij Kan. ; Nela maiDiCj Coorg ; Madaio, Burm. 



A moderate-sized tree with dense dark green shining foliage, branchlets 

 quadrangular, dilated below the nodes. Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong or 

 elliptic-oblong, acute, blade 8-14, petiole |-1 in., thick, channelled on the 

 upper side, secondary nerves numerous, parallel, alternating with shorter inter- 

 mediate nerves. FL fasciculate on thick uneven axillaiy protuberances, 

 pedicels 1 in., petals J in., orbicular, spreading, thin. Male: Stamens in 5 

 broad bundles of 3-5, on a fleshy lobed disk. Bisexual : ovary 5-celIed, 

 stigma 5-lobed. Fruit dark yellow 2-3 in. diam. 



Sikkim, ascending to 3,000 ft., Assam, Khasi and Chittagong hills, Burma, Andamaiis 

 "Western Peninsula, in the Circars, "but chiefly in tbe evergreen forests along the 

 Western Ghats, from Nortli Kanara southwards. Fl. H. S. Fr. 0. S. Also in Penang. 



2. G. spicata, Hook. fil. ; Trimen Handb. Ceyl. i, 98. — Syn. G. ovalifolia^ 

 FL Brit. Ind. i. 269 (<7. spicata is the older name and G. ovalifolia^ Oliver, is 

 an African species). Vern. Hald% Mar. 



A moderate-sized tree, with wide-spreading branches, branchlets angular. 

 Leaves broadly elliptic, obtuse, secondary nerves numerous, blade 3-6, petiole 

 4-1- in. FL on short pedicels, fasciculate on axillary protuberances (unde- 

 Uped branchlets), wMch frequently lengthen ont and form spiciform racemes 

 up to 6 in. long. Ovary 3-4: celled, stigma 3-5 lobed. Fruit green, the size 

 of a walnut. 



Western Ghats, from Matheran southwards. On the east side near the Pulicat lake. 

 Fl. H. S. Also in Ceylon. A var. with larger 1. and fl. on the ghats of the Konkan and 

 of Kanara, Fl. 0. S. (Cooke, Fl. Bombay i. 79). 3. G. andamanica, King. Andamans 

 {Q. dulcisj Kurz, F. FL i 92). Branchlets thick, angulai-, pubescent. Leaves 8-11 in., 

 from a broad base elongate-ovate, secondary nerves 14-16 pair, prominent beneath. 

 Pruit bright yellow l-l| in. crowned by the persistent 5~lobed stigma. 



B. FL tetramerous. Male: Stamens surrounding a rudimentary ovary. 

 Female: ovary 5-12 celled. 



4 G. Mangostana, Linn. The Mangosteen. Vern. Mingut, Burm. 



An evergreen glabrous middle-sized tree, attaining under favourable circum- 

 stances 60 ft. and more. Leaves thickly coriaceous, 6-10 in., elliptic-oblong, 

 secondary nerves numerous, parallel, alternating with shorter intermediate 

 nerves, joined by distinct intramarginal veins. F], as a rule bisexual, solitary 

 or in pairs at the ends of branchlets, 2 in. diam. Stamens many, filaments 

 slender, flat at base and sometimes connate, anthers ovate-oblong, 2-celled. 

 Ovary 5-8 celled, stigma sessile, thick, 5-8 lobed. (Male fl. described by Rox- 



E 



