Citrus] XKY. BUTACEJ]] 123 



filaments more or less connate in bundles. Ovary on a large annular or cup- 

 shaped disk, cells numerouSj ovules axile, biseriati, 4-8 in eacli cell. "Fr. 

 globose or oblong, rind full of glands filled with aromatic essential oil, pulp 

 divided by thin membranous dissepiments into 9-15 cells, which are filled with 

 numerous transverse vesicles containing sweet or acid juice. Seeds few in each 

 cell, testa leathery, albumen none, embryo 'straight wdth a short radicle and 

 thick oily cotyledons, which in the germinating seed remain enclosed in the 

 testa. Often 2 or 3 embryos in one seed. 



1. C. medica, Linn. ; Brandis T. Fl. 51. The Citron^ Lemon, Sweet and 

 acid Lime. Yern. Ninibii, 



Young shoots glabrous, purple. L. glabrous, 3-6 in., elliptic-oblong, 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, petioles naked or winged. M. white, often pink 

 outside, unisexual, stamens 25-55. Generally bears flowers and fruit at all 

 or at most seasons of the year. 



Found by myself apparently wild (1) in tlie outer valleys of Kumaon (1875, 81), 

 (I. broadly elliptic) ; (2) on tbe Paclimarhi hills, Centr. Prov. (1869, 77), (1. obtuse, 

 elliptic or obovate-oblong) ; (3) in the outer valleys of Sikkim (1879), (L like 2) ; (4) Danira 

 hat, Garo hills (1879), a tree 6 ft. girth, 40 ft. high (1. elliptic) ; (5) Upper Yunzalin 

 valley above Lomatee in swamps and near streams (1880) (1. elliptic-oblong, acute). 

 Reported as wild in the eastern Dan, on the Satpura hills and the "Western Ghath 

 in the Bombay Presidency (Talbot) in Ohittagong, and on the Khasi hills (Hooker & 

 Thomson). 



Of the more important cultivated forms may be mentioned : a. The Citron. Fr, large, 

 oblong, obovoid or irregularly shaped, and often lobed or fingered, rind thick, very 

 aromatic, h. The Lemon (Zitrotie, German). Fr. ovoid, pale yellow, knobbed, rind 

 thin, pulp abundant, very acid, c. The acid Lime of India, d. The sweef Lime of 

 India ; fl. often pure white ; fr. globose, smooth, skin thin, adhering to the pulp, juice 

 sweet, not aromatic. 



2. C. Aurantium, Linn. ; The bitter and sweet Orange, Vern. Knrengi, 

 Young shoots glabrous, greenish- white. L. glabrous, 3-6 in., elliptic 



or ovate, acuminate, petioles naked or winged, wings often obovate, as large as 

 the blade or nearly sd. Fl. pux^e white, bisexual, stamens 15-30. Fr. 

 globose, often depressed. Beax-s flowers and fruit generally at one season 

 of the year only. 



Found wild or apparently wild in Garhwal (Thomson), Kumaon (Strachey), Sikkim 

 and the Khasi hills (Hooker), Manipiir (Watt), mountain forests in the Peninsula 

 (Beddome). 



Of the more commonly cultivated forms may be mentioned : a. The loose-shmned 

 Orange^ grown at many places in India and Burma, on a large scale in the valley above 

 Chela, below Cherra Punji, and at other places on the south face of the Khasi hills, 

 where they ripen in autumn. Also at Nagpore, where they yield two crops in the 

 year, the first crop from November to January, and the second in March and April. 

 "?>. The common •>weet Orange, the skin tightly adhering to the pulp. The hitter or 

 Seville Orange is rarely cultivated in India. 



The excellent account of the Oranges and Lemons cultivated on the island of Madeira 

 in Lowe, Manual Plora of Madeira, 1868. p. 71, restricts 0. medica to 1 (a) and calls l(h, r , d) 

 0. Limonitim, while he regards 2 {a) as a separate species, €, noJnlis, Lour. Engler, in 

 Eiiffler u. Pranti iii. 4. 200, maintains 0, noUlii^ and classes 1 (c) as a separate species, 

 O, fig&trix, DC. 



3. C. decumana, Linn., the Shaddock or Pmnelo, young shoots pubescent, rind thick, 

 vesicles of pulp distinct, is also cultivated in gardens. 



