Zlzijplm,s] XXXV. EHAMXACE.^ 171 



armed, stipules sometimes spiaescent. Young sliont^, petioles and main 

 nerves strigose. L. turning black wlien dry, coriaceous, ovate, acuminate, 

 crenate, blade 2-4, petiole l-\ in. Basal nerves 3, sec. n. faint, veins reticulate. 

 Cymes dicbotomous, as well as outside of sepals rusty-tomentose, bracts ovate, 

 buds obtuse not conical. EL \ in. diani,, anther cells diverging. Drupe 

 ellipsoid, blunt, \ in. long, putamen tliick, hard, 2- celled. 



Upper Burma and Hhan States to 5,000 ft., common; Bhutan , Manipnr, Nepal. 

 Fl. Sla5% Nilgiris(?) Roxburgli describes Z. incur va from Nepal as a well-armed 

 shrub. 



5. Z. trinervia, Roxb. (1813j.— Syn. Z. cjlahmia, Heyne (1821) ; Wight 

 Ic. t. 282. Kiirka tura^ Tarn. 



A small unarmed tree, youngest shoots and inflorescence pubescent. L. 

 glabrous, obtuse, minutely serrate. Basal nerves prominent, continued to the 

 apex, sec. n. faint, veins minutely reticulate, blade 1-3, petiole \ in. long. 

 Cj'-mes nearly sessile. Fl. I in. diam., greenish-yellow, anther cells parallel, 

 not diverging at base. Drupe J-| in. long, often apiculate. 



Nilgiris. A western species, while Z. incur ta probably is limited to the eastern 

 region. Western Ghats. PL April-Aug. 6. Z. glabra, Roxb. 5 Kurz F. i^l. 2(57 5 

 Kmg Journ. As. Soc. Bengal^ vol. 65 (1897), 375. *Chittagong, Tenasserim, Aiidamans. 

 A glabrous, lofty scandent shrub, armed with short, curved, hharp, usually solitary 

 13ricMes. t. acuminate, tertiary (transverse) neives co, parallel, jomed hy finely 

 reticulate veins. Inflorescence hairy. Fl. I in. diam. Fr. \ in. 7. Z. Horsfieldii, Mitx. ; 

 King 1. c. 376, Nicobars, Malay Peninsula, with a few distinct secondary nerves on 

 the outside of the outer basal nerves, is probably not distinct. 8. Z. vulgaris, Lam. ; 

 AnOh^ Pushtu ; SinjJi^ Pb., cultivated in tlie Punjab, wild and cultivated in the North- 

 West Himalaya, ascending to 6,500 ft. A hedge plant in Hazara. Indigenous and culti- 

 vated in Japan and China, Western Asia, North Africa and South Eui^ope. A small 

 thorny glabrous tree, heartwood brown, branches fiexuose, branchlets frequently 

 fasciculate, thorns unequal, one straight to 1^ in, long, the other straight when young, 

 afterwards hooked and bent down. L. obliquely ovate-lanceolate, mostly obtuse, bluntly 

 serrate. Drupes dark red or black, ovoid or oblong, obtuse at both ends, J- J in. long, 

 stones tuberculatCj strung up as beads. 9. Z. oxypliylla, Edgew. ; Col let t Fl." Himia, fig. 

 29 ; (Viarcjurei^ Pushtu. Eastern flank of the Sulaiman range. Outer North- West Hima- 

 laya, 2,000-6,000 ft., east to the Ganges. A small tree. A few scattered liairs on young 

 parts, otherwise glabrous, spines slender, purple, slightly unequal. L. from an oblique 

 base ovate-lanceolate, blade li]-3, petiole ^ in., C3anes sessile. Drupe bright orange, 

 ovoid, J in. long. Combs made of the wood. 



10. Z, Xylopyrus, Willd. ; Brandis E. M. 90. Yern. Kathbei% Blumder, 

 N. W. ; Qoti^ Hind. Mar. Tel. ; Chitena^ Oudh : Ghattolj Ghaf boPj C. P. ; 

 Karkata^ South. ; Kottai^ Tarn, 



A large straggling shrub or small tree. Branchlets, inflorescence and under- 

 side of leaves pubescent or tomentose, on good soil often unarmed, L. broad- 

 ovate or orbicular, finely serrulate, base often cordate. Basal nerves 3, sometimes 

 4 or 5, the midrib with 1-2 pair of sec. n., the lateral basal nerves with 3-5 

 sec. n. on the outside, blade 1^-3, petiole |-J in. Drupe globose, grey-tomen- 

 tose, almost dry, |-1 in. diam., stone furro^wed, 3-celled, 3-seeded. 



Poot of the North-West Himalaya, Central India and the Western Peninsula. PL 

 April, May. Conspicuous during the greater part of the year for its hard globose fruit. 

 11. 2. liorrida, Both. Bellary. Spines numerous from a stout conical base,^ shining, 

 very sharp. L. 4-I in. long, cymes dense, jDeduncle J-| in. Drupe globose, ^ in. diam., 

 8-celled, 3-seeded. A remarkable species found by Dr. Watt (in leaf only) at Mao, 

 Manipnr, 6,000 ft. (No. 7429), spines numerouSj on leaf -bearing branches straiglit^ stout, 

 I in. long 5 on trunk and larger branches in pairs on an irregularly conical base, 1 in. 

 diam. 12.Z apetala, Hook. f. Sikkim 2-5,000 ft. Branchlets and inflorescence silky 

 with ferrugineous hairs. L. obliquely ovate, acuminate, 3-4 in., cymes pedunculate, 

 petals 0. 



B. Cymes pedunculate, arranged in terminal or lateral panicles. 



13. Z. rugosa, Lamk. ; Wight Ic. t. 339 ; Brandis F. FL 89. Vern. 

 Suran, Ghtirna^ Hind.; Dhaum, Oudh; Sekra, South. ; Turan, Churna, Mar. ; 

 Todalij MaL ; Myauku^ Lower, Tahu^ Mtntha tabUj Upper Burma. 



