Canfhhim] LXL EUBIAGE.E 385 



19. CANTHIUM, Lam.; FL Brit. Ind. iii. 131. 

 (Plectronm^ Sec. II. Ganthium.^ Sclimnann in Engler u. Prantl iv. 4. 92.) 



Shrubs, erect or climbing, stipules connate. M. small, in axillary fascicles 

 or peduncled compound cymeSj calyx-tube shortly produced beyond ovary, 

 corolla-tube shorter than, as long as, or rarely longer than lobes, throat villous, 

 lobes valvate in bud, at length refiexed. Ovary 2-celled, stigma large, usually 

 ribbed, ovule one, attached to the upper part of the cell. Drupe with thin 

 pericarp, endocarp 2-celled more or less Avoody. Seeds oblong, testa mem- 

 branous, albumen fleshy, embryo nearly as long as seed. Species about 70, 

 tropics of the Old World. 



A. Unarmed, fl. 5-merous. 



1. C. didymum, Roxb. ; Bedd. F. Sylv. t. 221.— Sjm. C. umhellatum^ 

 Wight Ic. t. 1034. Vern. XalJa bahii^ Xaikinna^ Nakkarem^ Tel. ; My auk- 

 la ung^ Upper Burma. 



A small or middle-sized evergreen tree with deep-green foliage, branchlets 

 often angular, wood hard, even grained, L. coriaceous, glabrous, glossy, 

 elliptic, blade 4-6, nari^owed into a stout petiole \ in. long. Fl. white, fra- 

 grant, in compact axillary many-fld. often umbelliform cymes, sessile on a short 

 stout peduncle. Coi^olla-tube cylindric, ^-| in. long, a little longer than the 

 refiexed lobes, anthers slightly, style usually long exserted. Drupes more or 

 less did37'mous, on long slender pedicels, purple, \-]2 in. long. 



Webtern Ghat'=* from Kanclala southwards, chiefly in evf^rgreen forests. Nilgiris. 

 Common on the liillb of the Salem and adjoining di-^itrjcth. Northern Oircars, Oi'lssa. 

 Upper Burma, in Engdaing (fl. umhellate. stigma very little exserted). Mergui. Fl. 

 Nov -May. — Ceylon, low country to 4,000 ft., common ; large beaked leaf galls frequent 

 on the young branches. Malay Peninsula and Archip. China. Very variable, the 

 structure of endocarp not unifoi'm, should be studied. 2. C. Kingii, Hook. i. (var.), 

 Sikkim 1,500 ft. L. elliptic-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, fl. in pedunculate umbels, 

 corolla-tube J in. long much widened u]>wards, lobes barely half the length of tube. 

 3. 0. pergracile, Bourdillon in Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. 352, t. 5, a tall graceful 

 tree, inevergreenforest Travanoore at low elevations, 1. very glossy, lanceolate caudate- 

 acuminate, li. yellowish -green, in shortly peduncled umbelliform cymes, corolla-tube 

 ^ in. long, as long as lobes, fr. |-1 in. diam., endocarp thick, woody, ribbed. 4. C* 

 neilglierreDse, Wight Ic . t. 1064 bis. Nilgiri and Palni hills. L. elliptic, or ovate, 

 often hairy beneath, fl. few in small axillary nearly sessile umbels. Pr. cream-coloured^ 

 obovate, succulent. 5. 0. ficiforme, Hook. f. Shevagherry hills, 1. thickly coriaceous, 

 drying black, fr. 1-1| in. long, compressed, narrowed into pedicel \ in. long, enclosing 

 2 hard bony irregularly furrowed nuts. 



6. C. glabrum, Blume (Plectron'ia glabra^ ICtirz P. PI. ii. 35). Southern spurs of the 

 Pegu Yoma. Tenasserim. Malay Peninsula. Java. A small evergreen tree, 1. 

 glabrous, ovate-oblong, blade 5-7, pet. J in. long. PL in shortly peduncled, often lax 

 axillary cymes, corolla-tube equal to lobes, ^ in. long, fr. |~1 in. long, enclosing two 

 smooth trigonous stones. 



B. Unarmed, fl. 4-merous. 



7. 0. travancorictun, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. %W {FUctronia). Tinnevelli and Tra van- 

 core Ghats, a middle-sized tree, 1. membranous, glabrous, ovate, acuminate, blade 2, 

 pet. \ in. long, stipules from a broad base narrowed into a long subulate point. PL 

 vex'y "small, in lax pedunculate cymes with slender ramifications, corolla fjy in., lobes as 

 long as tube. 8. C. gracilipes, Kurz P. PL ii. 36 {Plectronia), Andamans, frequent. A 

 shrub, branchlets thinly pubescent, 1. membranous, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 

 stipules, petioles and nerves finely hairy. PL very small, on long slender fascicled 

 pedicels, fr. I in. across. 



C. Armedj fl. mostly B-merous. 



9. C. parviflorum, Lamk. j Eoxb. Cor. PL t. 51. Vern. Kirna^ Kadbar, 

 Mar. ; Balasu, Tel. 



c 



