Vernonia] LXII. COMPOSITE] 399 



or minutely sagittate. Achenes ribbed or angled, pappus of numerous den- 

 ticulate hairs, often girt with an outer row of short hairs or flat "bristles. 

 Species 450, mostly tropical, more than one half in America, 



A. Western species and species of both regions. 



a. Trees. 



1. V. arborea, Ham.— Svn. Monosis Wightiana, DC; Wight Ic. t. 1085; 

 Bedd. M. Sylv. t. 226. 



A middle-sized tree, branchlets and inflorescence pubescent, 1. coriaceous, 

 elliptic, almost eat ire, glabrous or pubescent beneath, blade 5-8, pet. ^-1 in. 

 long. Fl. heads 1-6-fld., invoL bracts oblong, obtuse, the outer much 

 shorter than the inner. Pappus white, hairs all equal and in one row, ^ in. 

 long. 



Western Ghats and adjoining mountain ranges, from the Bababiiilan hills south- 

 wards. Assam, Ivhasi hills. Aiiflamans. Burma. PL Febr.-May. Ceylon, moist 

 region to BjOCKD ft. Malay Penins. and Areliip. 2. V. travancorica, Hook. f. — Syn. 

 r. volkamerlfoHaj Bedd. PL Sylv. t. 225. Tinnevelli and Travancore Ghatfe, standards 

 over the dense masses of Oclilandra. A middle-sized tree, branchlets, inflorescence 

 and sometimes underside of L minutely pubescent, 1. obovate, obtuse, sinuate-dentate, 

 blade 2-6, narrowed into pet. J-| in. long. InvoL bracts silky, jjappus snoAV-white, 

 deciduous. 



&. Shrubs or under shrubs. 



3. V. divergens, Benth. — Syn. V. nihjherryensis^ BC. ; "Wight Ic. 1. 1078 ; Decanetiron 

 divergens, DC. Wight le. t. 1084. Assam, Manipur. Burma, Upper and Lower. 

 Parasnath. Bundelkhand. Centr. Prov. Western Peninsula. L. elliptic-lanceolate, 

 serrate, blade 2-5, narrowed into pet. |;-| in. long, heads 8-r2-fld., outer invoL bracts 

 short ovate. Pappus dirty white or pale reddish-brown. Vai\ Lawii, C. B. 

 Clarke. Ivliandala, Konkan {Kadechi, Buracli, Mar.), invoL bracts densel^^ white- 

 woolly, often with an excurrent green point, fl. lilac. 4. V. pectiniformis, DC. ; 

 AVight Ic. t. 1077, Nilgiris and Palni hills, 1. rigid, more or less rough, chieflj^ beneath, 

 elliptic-lanceoLate, serrate, blade 3-6, pet. l-f in. long. Heads 10-25-M., outer invoL 

 bracts small, ovate, pappus reddish. 5. V. indica, Clarke. W^est side of the Peninsula 

 from the Konkan southwards. Branchlets and underside of 1. densely white tomen- 

 tose, 1. coriaceous, broadly elliptic, pet. very short, invoL scales densely tomentose, the 

 outer short. 



6. V. EoxburgMi, Less. Subhimalayan tract, Jumna to Sarda. Behaxv Chutia 

 Nagpore. Konkan (doubtful). Upper Burma. Branchlets and 1. rough with stiff 

 minute hairs, L rigid, cuspidate-serrate, ellix^tic-lanceolate, nearly sessile, 3-5 in. long, 

 head 30-fld., large, invol. bracts apienlate or pungent, pappus dirty white. 



7. V. cinerascens, Schnltz-Bip. Baluchistan, Sind. Peshawar. Ajmere and Mer- 

 wara (Laha). A low shrub, clothed with greyish-white pubescence, 1. spathulate 

 J-l| in. long, heads J in. diam. on slender peduncles, pappus white. 



B. Eastern species, corolla-tube cjdindric. 



a. Erect, heads large, fl. numerous, more than 10 in one head. 



8. V. volkamerifolia, DO. — Syn. F. amiTiiinata^ DO. ; Kurz P. PL ii. 79. Sikkim, outer 

 hills, to 4,000 ft. Bhutan, Assam. Khasi hills, Manipur. My it Kyina, Upper Burma. 

 L. oblanceolate, entire or coarsely serrate, glabrous above, more or less pubescent 

 beneath, 6-12 in. long, narrowed into a very short petiole, fl. Hlac, invol. bracts obtuse, 

 more or less hairy, pappus dirty white. Specimens from the following localities differ 

 by a white pappus, and densely silky invol scales, the achenes ribbed and more or less 

 clothed with long thin hairs. Dry hill forest, east of Bhamo 5,000 ft. (Mont. Hill.) ; 

 Schwebo district in deciduous forests with Teak (Segyi, Smales); Katha district 

 (J. W. Oliver). 



9. V. talaumifolia, Hook, f . Sikkim, lower hills. Assam, A middle-sized tree, L rigidly 

 coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, obovate or oblanceolate, blade 10-20, narrowed 

 into stout amplexicaul petiole ^ in. long, sec. and reticulate tertiary nerves promi- 

 nent beneath, invol. bracts almost glabrous, broad-ovate or -elliptic, obtuse, often 

 toothed at tip, pappus red. 



10. V. solanifolia, Benth. Pegu. Hills east of Toungoo. Yunnan. China. Similar 

 to F. arhorea^ differs by the 1. hirsute on the upper, softly tomentose on the undei'sxde. 

 L. with a rounded or cordate base, sinuate dentate, ii. heads smaller. 



