Carissa] LXXIII. APOCYNAOIJ] 455 



III. Anthers conniving in a cone around tlie stigma and adhering to it, each cell 

 produced downwards into a bubulate empty spur. Ovary of 2 distinct carpeJbj united 

 by the style. Fr. of U\o folliclebj seeds hairy at one or both ends. 



A. Corolla-lobes valvate in bud. 



Corolla I in. long, filaments spirally twibted . PAXtsoNSiA (p. 460). 

 Corolla ^cr i^^- '^ong, filaments short ^ . . . Urceola (p. 460). 



B. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. 



Corolla J-5 i^^' long. Trnes or erect shrubs . 9. Wrightia. 

 Corolla I in. long. Climbing .... Parameeia (p. 461). 



C. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right. 



Anthers exserted (see also Trachelospermum). 

 Corolla rotate, limb | in. across . . .10. Vallaris. 



Corolla salver-shaped Potts i a (p. 462). 



Anthers included, corolla-throat with 5-10 scales 



Ii. ^\ horled, follicles, erect . . , . Nerium (p. 462). 

 L. opposite, follicles divaricate . . .11. Strophanthus. 

 Anthers included, corolla-throat naked. 

 Corolla large, lJ-4 in. long. 



Cor. bell- or funnel shaped .... Beal'montia (p. 463). 

 Cor. salver-shaped, upper part of tube cam- 



panulate 12. Chonemorpha. 



Corolla middle-sized J-IJ in. long. 

 Cor.-lobes twisted to the left, overlai^ping to the right. 

 Cor .-lobes large, longer than tube, seed 



long-beaked Ehynchodia (p. 463). 



Cor.-lobes small, shorter than tube. 



Cor .-tube tomentose outside . . . Epigynum (p. 463). 

 Cor -tube glabrous or nearly so. 

 Ovary hidden in disk, seeds beaked , Anodenbron (p. 463) 

 Ovary exserted from disk, seeds not 



beaked 13. Trachelo&permum. 



Cor.-lobes straight, overlapping to the right. 14. Aganosma. 

 Corolla small, J in. and shorter. 

 Cor.-lobes long, narrow, upper half deflexed in bud. 



Sec. n. few, distant 15. Ichs-ocarpus. 



Sec. n. numerous Microchites (p. 465). 



Cor.-lobes short, tip not deflexed in bud . Ecdysaj^thera (p. 465). 



1. CARISSA, Linn. ; M. Brit. Ind. iii. 630. 



Shrubs or trees, sometimes climbing, armed with opposite axillary spikes. 

 Corolia-tnbe cylindric, slightly swollen round the anthers, lobes spreading^ 

 throat without scales, anthers included. Ovary 2-celled, ovules 1-4 in each 

 cell, style filiform, stigma thickened. Fr. a berry, supported by the persistent 

 calyx, seeds 1-4, without hairs. Species 18, Africa, Asia, Australia. 



A. Spines straight. 



1. C. spinarum, A. DC. — Syn. 0. diffusa^ Eoxb. ; Wight. Ic. t. 427: 

 Brandis P. El. 321. Vern. Garna^ Garmmda^ Pb. ; Karmmda^ Hind. ; Kar- 

 icandj Karanda^ Mar. ; Kavcdi, Garji, Kan. ; Kcdh% KalU^ Tel. 



A gregarious evergreen thorny shrub, branches spi^eading, sometimes climb- 

 ing over tall trees. Young shoots more or less, inflorescence always pubescent, 

 spines often forked or trifid. L. coriaceous, ovate or elliptic, glabrous or 

 pubescent beneath, blade 1-2, pet. J~J in. long. M. white, sometimes with a 

 pink tinge, scented, in few-fld. oorymbifonn cymes at the ends of branches, 

 sepals lanceolate, ciliate, corolla-tube cylindric J in. long. Berry dark purple, 

 edible, J-| in. long, seeds 2. 



Trans-Indus. Sixbhimalayan tract and outer valleys, ascending to 3,000 ft. Plains 

 of Northern India. Bengal. Central provinces. Western Peninsula. Forms under- 

 wood under Bamboos, Sal, Teak, and under Pinus hngifolia in Kangra. Springs up 

 abundantly in clearances. Dry region of the Irawadi valley from Prome upwards. PL 

 Jan.-May. L. generally renewed in March. A softly pubescent form is C hirsuta, 

 Roth (0. villosa, Roxb. •, Wight Ic. t. 487). Belgaum district. Pakokku, Upper Burma 

 and elsewhere. 2. C. Caraudas, Linn. ; Roxb. Cor. PL t. 77 ; Wight Ic. t. 426 ; Bedd. 

 Manual 1. 19, f. 6. Cultivated for its fruit in most parts of India* A taller shrub, L 



