"Casta nojjsts] 



CVII. JFAGACEiE 



635 



Katovj, Kumaon ; Miisre katuSj Nep. ; Kyanza^ Lower, Thite nij Thitegyin, 

 Upper Burma. 



A middle-sized (rarely large) evergreen tree, young shoots pubescent. L. 

 coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, entire, 

 sometimes serrate near the apex, 

 lanceolate, long acuminate, blade 4-8, 

 pet. J in., upperside glabrous, under- 

 side pale or reddish, sometimes pube- 

 scent. Involucres distant, solitary or 

 in pairs, styles long, linear. Fr. |-1 

 in. diam., on spikes up to 10 in. long. 

 Involucres not confluent, tomentose, 

 spines up to .^ in. long, usually on 

 short ridges, often stellate or branched, 

 :as a rule leaving portions of the in- 

 volucre imcovered, nuts 1-3, glabrous 

 when mature, cotyledons ruminated. 



Outer Himalaya from the Ganges east- 

 wards, ascending to 6,000 ft. Assam. 

 Xliasi hills. Manipur. Cachar. Chitta- 

 gong. Hills of Upper Burma and Mar- 

 taban. — Formosa. Fl. March-May, some- 

 times later. More or less gregarious 

 (Gamble). King 1. c. 102 recognizes the 

 following varieties : (a) typica, L. entire, 

 pubescence cinereous, spines numerous, 

 long, slender, covering the walls of in- 

 vokicre, nuts usually solitary, (b) ferox. 

 Involucres larger than in (a), spines 

 stouter but fewer, (o) longispina, L. 

 large, spines stout curving, often J in. 

 long, (d) eclMnocar^a. Pubescence fer- 

 ruginous, involucre smaller than in (a), 

 less covered by the spines, which are 

 fewer and shorter, nut one. (e) Wattii. 

 Manipur, also Khasi hills and Sikkim, 

 Involucre small, almost woody, densely 

 -clothed with short often rufous spines, 

 nuts 2-3. 



Fig. 197. 



Castanopsis tribuloides, A. DC. 



10. C. armata, Spach ; King Ann. ii. t. 93. — Syii. Quercus armata^ Boxb. Cor. PI. t. 

 296 : Wight Ic. t. 770 ; Castanea tribuloides, var. armata, Kurz F. PI. ii. 481. Vern. 

 Nehari^ Seng. ; Kanta Singar, Assam ; Singliara, TipiDerah ; Kanta-lal hatana, Chitta- 

 gong. Assam. Khasi hills. Tipperah. Chittagong, Maymyo, Upper Burma, 

 4,000 ft. A large tree, branchlets thinly pubescent, 1. entire, lanceolate, blade 6-9, 

 pet. |~| in., sec. n. arching, 6-9 pair. Involucres solitary. Fr. 1-1^ in. diam., grey- 

 pubescent, spines pubescent, conical, very sharp, in stellate stalked clusters, arranged 

 in imperfectly concentric ridges. Nuts single, pubescent. 



11. Involucre irregularly ovoid^ usually indehiscenty tubercnlate or with 

 short conical spines. 



11. C. rliamnifolia, A. DC. ; King Ann. ii. t. 100b. — Syn. Castanea rkamnifolia^ Kurz. 

 Southern Pegu Yoma, Paunglin, one of the most common trees in the evergreen forest 

 {Kyanza, D. B. Jan. 1862). Mergui {Wet thitta, Manson, March 1902). — Malay Penins, 

 :and Archip. A tall tree, bark greenish-grey, youngest shoots minutely puberulous, 

 branchlets and 1. glabrous, 1. thinly coriaceous, ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 blade 3-6, pet. J-| in. Spikes pubescent, in terminal panicles, ? involucres freq[uent]y 

 at the base of spike. Fr. obliquely ovoid or obovoid, }-l| in. long, grey-velvety, the 

 side towards the racliis flat, uneven, the rest densely covered with short conical or 

 pyramidal spines with sharp tips, nut one. 12. C. Sumatrana, A. DC. ; King Ann. ii. 

 t. 97. — Sjn. Castanea inermis, Lindl. Hills east of Toungoo (Kurz). — Mala^'' Penins. 

 :and Archip. L. glabrous, thinly coriaceous, lanceolate, blade 4-7, pet. |--1 in., spikes 

 pubescent. Fr. irregularly ovoid, l-lj in. long, with 3 or 4 irregularly concentric 

 tuberculate lines. 



Castanea sativa, Miller (1768). - Syn. O. vulgaris, Lamarck (1783) ; 0. vesca, Gaertner 

 {1788). Street Chesnut. Mediterranean region. China. Japan. Cultivated with 



