Calamus] CX. PALMiE 653 



Bamboo jungles. Orissa. G-anjam. Cliittagong. Andamans. Lower Burma. — 

 Malay Peiiins. Coclimcliiiia. Tufted, erect while young and in the open, usually 

 climbing, stems long, without the sheaths J-f in. diam., the younger parts and sheaths 

 covered with white powder. L. 3-5 ft. long, leaflets fascicled, linear-lanceolate, stouter 

 longitudinal nerves 2 -3 on either side of midrib, nerves, midrib and edge of leaf with 

 sharp bristles, pet. and rachis armed with straight sharp spines |-1J in. long, sheaths 

 with flat whorled or single spines. Spadix 15 ft. long, much branched, drooping, 

 terminating in a long flagellum. Fr. globose, mucronate, J~| in. diam., endosperm 

 uniform. ^20. C. conciimus, Mart. Mergui (Dr. Heifer, Jan. 1839). Climbing, leaflets 

 glossy, nearly equidistant, 12-20 by 1-1^ in., 4-6 stout n. on either side of midrib. 21. 

 C. hypoleucus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 43, t. 18.-— Syn. Dcemonorops hypoleucus, 

 Kurz. Thaungyin. L. 2-3 ft. long, leaflets fascicled, lanceolate, white beneath, 6-9 by 

 1| in., stouter n. numerous, sheaths densely spiny, rachis with short sharp recurved 

 ■spines. ? spadix short slender, spathes large, oblong-lanceolate. 22. C. myrianthus, Becc. 

 Tenasserim. Leaflets 30 by 2 in., white beneath, stouter n. numerous, s spadix 

 long, slender, much ramified, spikelets J in. long. 



(b) Fruiting calyx pedicelliform. 



23. C. longisetus, Griff. Palms t. 189 AB.— Syn. C, tigrinus^ Kurz in. Journ. As. 

 Soc. Beng. 43 t. 25, 26. Andamans. Coco islands (0- tigriTius, Kurz ; Prain in Journ. 

 As. Soc. Beng. 60, p. 332). Pegu Yoma, eastern slopes in evergreen forest. Martaban. 

 Tenasserim. Stems scandent (erect, stemless, G-riffith), surrounded by tufts of leaves. 

 Pet. and rachis armed with black broad sharp spines up to 1^ in. long, in oblique 

 whorls or half whorls, in the upper portion less numerous and'often single, leaflets 

 green beneath, thorny whip-like tendrils from the leaf-sheath, Spadix decompound, 

 nodding, terminating in a long flagellum. Pr. ovoid, beaked and stipitate, 1 in. long, 

 with yellow and brown horizontal bands, scales produced downwards into a large 

 membranous lacerate appendage, endosperm uniform. 24. C. gracilis, Hoxb. 5 Griif. 

 Palms 1. 196. Yern. Mapuri lent, Beng. Upper Assam. Khasi hills. Cachar. Chit- 

 tagong. Climbing, slender. L. 2-3 ft. long, leaflets lanceolate, in opposite groups of 3-5 

 on either side of the rachis, sheath, the short petiole and rachis armed with short 

 hooked spines. Flagella on sheath and spadix. Spadix slender, drooping, spathes 

 tubular, sparingly spinous, spathels not imbricate. Pr. oblong, | in. long, seated on 

 the campanulate calyx, scales straw-coloured. 25. C. Helferianus, Kurz. Tenasserim. 

 Slender, climbing, sparingly armed, rachis slender, trigonous, leaflets 8-12 by |-J in., 

 in series of 2-6 on one side. Spadix very slender, spathes narrow, tubular, <5 fl! ^ in. 

 long, corolla smooth, not striate. 



26. C. travancoricus, Bedd. Yern. Tsjeru tsj%irel, Mai. Malabar. Travancore. 

 Climbing, stem very slender. L. 18-24 in. long, leaflets in distant opposite groups of 

 3-5, 4-6 hj ^-f in., the greatest width at or above the middle, thence tapering to a 

 capillary point, stouter n. not very prominent. Spadix long, slender, spathes with a 

 long lanceolate blade, 6 spikelets J-^ in. long. 27. C. Eheedei, Griff. Yern. Katu 

 tsjurel, Mai. Malabar. Leaflets in very distant groups of 3, linear-lanceolate, longer 

 than in 26. Pr. ellipsoid or oblong, endosperm ruminate. 



11. Leaf rachis produced into a long flagellum. 

 A. Pruiting calyx pedicelliform. 



28. C. latifolius, Boxb. ; Griff. Palms t. 198. — Syn. 0. maeracantkus et 0. inermis 

 T. And. Yern. Korak hent^ Beng. Tamata^ Burm. Subhimalayan tract from Sikkim 

 eastwards, ascending to 2,000 ft. Assam. Khasi hills. Cachar. Chittagong. Lower 

 Burma. A powerful climber, stem more than 100 ft. long, without the sheaths, up to 

 1 in. diam., 1. 8-12 ft. long, leaflets usually in pairs on the same side of the rachis, 

 lanceolate, 10-20 by 1-4 in., stouter n. 2-5 on either side of ^midrib, margins spinose- 

 ciliate, n, naked. Sheaths densely armed with short spines and large broadly 

 triquetrous ones up to 1 in. long, rachis and flagellum armed with claws of stout 

 recurved thorns. Spadix very large, fr. nearly 1 in. long, pale, seated on the broadly 

 campanulate rigid calyx-tube, endosperm ruminate. On the Salween in Tenasserim, 

 in 1859, this species was esteemed most for raftiij^g, and the ropes at the Kyodan were 

 mostly made of it. Other Eattans considered useful in those days were : C, (raruha, 

 Ham. (Kyein?ii), and KorthaUia laciniosa, Mart. (Waj^o Kpein). Pleetocomia 

 macrostachya, Kurz (Kyeinhmc) was pronounced to be useless. 29. 0. Borisei, Becc. 

 Burma. Pr. oblong, |-1 in. long. 



B. Priiiting calyx not pedicelliform. 



30. C. andamanicus, Kurz. Andamans, Nicobars. Coco islands. A lofty climber, 

 not tufted, the sheathed stems as thick as the arm, the canes up to 1 in. diam. L. 6-8 

 ft. long, leaflets equidistant, alternate, linear, 24-30 by 1 in., margin and n. on the under- 

 side with scattered long spinescent bristles, sheaths reddish-brown armed with oblique 



