654 OX. PALMiE [Calamus 



lialf whorls of slender black spines, whicli break off readily, racliis stont (as well as 

 flagellum), armed witli stont recurved spines connate in groups (claws). Spadix large, 

 nodding, fruiting spikelets on naked peduncles partly enclosed by tlie spathes. Fr.' 

 numerous, distichous, ovoid, \ in. long, pale brown, scales convex, not furrowed, ap- 

 pendix iimbriate. The best large cane of the Andamans. SI. C. palustris, Griff. Palms 

 t. 199. Andamans. Tenasserim. — Malay Penins., Cochmchina. Poliage similar to C, 

 latifolius, with which Ivurz unites it. Fr. smaller, calyx-tube not pedicelliform. 



Imperfectly known: — 



32. C. quinquenervius, Boxb. Silhet. 33. C. dilaceratus, Becc. Nicobars. 34. 

 C. nicobaricus, Becc. Nicobars. 



11. CARYOTA, Linn. ; M. Brit. Ind. vi. 422. 



Tall Palms, 1. few, broad, bipinnate, leaflets (pinnules) green beneath, very 

 obliquely cuneate, tip prsemorse or rounded. Spadices large, axillary, much 

 branched, the brancbes pendulous, spatlies 3-5, tubular. Tl. usually in groups 

 of three, the central and lowest being 5 , the two others cJ • Male : sepals 

 rou.nded, imbricate, petals coriaceous, oblong, valvate, stamens numerous. 

 Female: fl. subglobose, sepals imbricate, petals triangular, valvate, ovary 

 3-celled. Pr. globose, seeds 1-2, endosperm ruminate, embryo dorsal. Species 

 10, from India to Australia. 



1. C. urens, Linn. The JlTiar ^aZm of Western India. Vern. ilfan, Hind ; 

 BMi, Mar. ; Baini^ Kan. ; Jiluga, Tel. ; Konda panni^ Tliippali, Tarn. ; 

 Chtmda pana^ Mai. ; Minbaw, Burm. Trunk annulate, attaining nearly 

 50 ft. and a diam. of 2 ft., no root-suckers. L. 18-20 by 10-12 ft., outer 

 margin of leaflets xjroduced into a narrow triangular point, terminal leaflets 

 2- or 3-lobed. Spadix 10-12 ft. long, the uppermost flowering first, and so 

 on, until that next the ground has flowered and seeded, when the tree dies. 

 Peduncle stout, curved, entirely covered with large coriaceous spathes, 

 branches long pendulous, resembling a huge horse-tail. ^ fl. half in. long or 

 more, stamens 40-45, tip of anthers bifid or emarginate. Pr. reddish, |— | in, 

 diam. 



Subbimalayan tract from Nepal eastwards, ascending to 5,000 ft. Assam. Kliasi 

 bills. Manipur. Ohittagong. Upper Burma. Pegu. Western Ghats, in evergreen 

 forest. Orissa. The Circars. Sliady valleys of the bills on tlie east side of the 

 Peninsula. — Ceylon. Malaya. PI. H. and B.S. The Kitul fibre from the leaves, sago 

 from the interior of the stem, sugar and toddy from the cut spadix. 



2, C. oDtusa, Griff. Palms t. 286 a, b {oUusidentata). Mishmi hills 3,400 ft. Similar 

 to 1, but leaflets obtuse, outer margin not tailed, $ fl. smaller. 3. C. mitis, Lour. — 

 Syn. 0. sohoUfera, "Wall. ", Griff. Palms t. 236 C Arakan Yoma. Martaban. Anda- 

 mans. — Malay Penins. and Archip. Tufted, trunk 8-40 ft. high, 4-5 in. diam., with 

 numerous root-suckers. L. 8-9 ft. long, leaflets (pinnules) obliquely prsemorse^ 

 the outer margin acuminate. PI. not regularly arranged in groups o^f 3, ^ J in. 

 long, flesh-coloured, stamens 17. 



Korthalsia laciniosa, Mart. — Syn. K. scapkigera, Kurz (non Mart.) Journ. As. Soc. 

 Beng. 43 t. 20, 21.; Calamosagus laciniosus, Griff. Palms t. 183. Vern. Wapd- 

 h/ein, Burm. Andamans. Tenasserim. Climbing, often forked, the cane (without 

 sheaths) up to | in. diam. L. pinnate, 2-4, flabellum stout, 2 ft. long, leaflets narrowed 

 into a short petiolule, equidistant, alternate, ovate- or cuneate-rhomboid, prsemorse, 

 n. flabellate, stouter 8-12, transverse veinlets numerous, sheath produced into a tubular 

 ochrea 4-5 in. long, splitting up into fibres. Spadix stout, piercing througb the back 

 of the leaf sbeath, branched, fl. bisexual, densely crowded on catkin-like cylindric tawny 

 tomentose spikelets, in the axils of tubular persistent spathes. Ovary imperfectly 

 3-celled. Pr. -^-J in. long, 1-seeded, clothed with retrorsely imbricate trapezoid scales. 

 K, scaphigera, as well as a few other Malayan species, have an inflated ligule on the leaf- 

 sheath, inhabited by ants. In the Mergui district may probably be found K. poly- 

 stachyaj Mart., with slender spikelets 5-7 in. long, 



12. WALLICHIA, Eoxb. j PL Brit. Ind. vL 418. 



L, pinnate, leaflets white or pale beneath, with numerous longitudinal n. 

 separating at acute angles from the prominent midrib, the terminal leaflets 



