Pinus] CXIV. OONIPEEJ] 089 



B. Ovules erect, scales of cone few. Pollen grains not winged {Cupi-'essinece), 



(a) Scales of cone opposite, in several tiers. 



a. Scales of cone woody, seeds with an 



orbicular wing 5. Cupresstjs. 



|S. Scales of cone succulent, forming a berry- 

 like fruit, seeds not winged . . .6, Junipebus. 



(h) Scales of cone s pirally arranged on the axis, pecti- 

 nate at apex, supporting scales adnate to them Ckyptomeeia (p. 695). 



II. Cones imperfect, seeds 1 or few, not concealed by the scales {Taxacem). 



A. Ovules reflexed, pollen-grains winged . . .7. Podocaepus.. 



B. Ovules bent down, seeds erect. Two anther-cells 



at the base of the male catkin scales. Pollen- 

 grains winged Dacrydium (p. 696). 



C. Ovules erect, solitary, seed enclosed in a red fleshy 



cup. 3-8 anther-cells on the underside of a 

 peltate male catkin scale. Pollen-grains not 

 winged 8. Taxus. 



D. Ovules erect, in pairs at the base of scales. Male 



il. in involucrate heads (compound catkins). 



Pollen-grains not winged 9. Gephalotaxus. 



Taxaceje are treated as a separate order by Pilger in Engler's Pflanzenreich iv. 5, 



1. PINUS, Linn.; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 651. 



Monoecious trees, the branches generally in whorls. Leaves dimorphous, 

 those of seedlings and elongating shoots single, those of ordinary branches 

 in clusters of 2, 3, or 5, on arrested branchlets, consisting of a short tubercular 

 axis with a number of membranous sheathing scales surrounding the leaves. 

 Axillary buds as a rule develop into branches only at the end of each year's 

 terminal shoot, one whorl of side branches being formed annually, so that the 

 age of a tree may be determined, not only by counting the annual rings in the 

 wood, but in the case of young trees also by the number of whorls on the 

 stem. There are however exceptions : Pinus excelsa sometimes forms 2 

 whorls in one season, and P. Gerardlana is apt to throw out scattered side 

 branches, not in regular whorls. The male fl. (catkins) are in crowded whorls 

 in the axils of membranous bracts at the base of the current year's shoot, 

 hence on those branches, which habitually bear ^ fl., there are breaks in the 

 foliage, which indicate the position of previous year's catkins. Antheriferous 

 scales numerous, imbricate, each scale with 2 anther-cells on its under-surface, 

 prolonged beyond them into a membranous crest. Female fl. (cones) on 

 separate branches, solitary or in whorls, often pedunculate, peduncles with 

 scaly bracts. Ovules reversed, in pairs at the base of the carpellary scales, each 

 carpellary with a supporting scale, which disappears before the cone ripens. 

 Cones formed of the enlarged woody carpellary scales, which are spirally 

 arranged around the axis and are more or less thickened at the apex. Seeds 

 in shallow excavations at the base of the scales, oily with a hard woody testa, 

 usually winged. 



A. Leaves in clusters of Ave, cones cylindric, scales not much thickened at 

 the apex. 



1. P. excelsa, "Wall. PL As. Ear. t. 201; Grriff. Ic. PL As. t. 3G6, 

 also t, 365 (P. GriffitJiii, MacClell.) ; Collett Simla M. 485 Rg. 157. The 

 Blue Pine, Vern. OMw%ch, Chitral. BidTj Haz. ; Kail, Hind. ; Chil, Jumna ; 

 Lim, Kunawar. 



A tall tree, attaining 150 ft., bark smooth, slate-coloured on young, rough 

 with shallow fissures on mature trees, foliage bluish-green, at high elevations 

 greyish-green. L. slender, 6-S in. long, sheaths deciduous. Male catkins 

 ovoid, I in. long. Cones generally 2 or 3 together, 6-12 in. on peduncles 

 1-3 in. long, erect while young, pendulous afterwards, scales spathulate^ 



y Y 



