Pinus] CXIV. CONIFEE^ 691 



Scales broad, beak stout, recurved, obtusely triangular. Seeds irregularly 

 cyliudric, 1 in. long, edible, wing short caducous. 



Kafiristan. Hariab district in the Kuram valley, 7-11,000 ft. North- West 

 Himalaya, in the inner valleys with a dry climate, 5-10,000 ft. Chitral. Grilgit. 

 Indus, between Astor and Iskardo. Upper Chenah. A few trees on the Upper Bavi. 

 Kunawar, occupying the lower slopes of the mountain sides near the river above 

 Chergaon and Jani. British Garhwal, below the Nitl pass. Fl. June and July, the 

 cones ripen in the autumn of the second year. The 1. remain B-4 years on the 

 branches. The cones of the Hariab tree have not the stout recurved beak of the 

 scales. 



0. Leaves in clusters of two. 



5. P. Merkusii, Jungh. Vern. Tinyulen, Burm. Thaungyin valley above Mirawadi 

 on stretches of high ground, 500-1,500 ft., associated with Dipterocarpus tuberculatus 

 (first reported by Capt. Latter in 1848, Selections from the Eecords of the Bengal 

 Government, ix., Calcutta 1852, p. 154). Shan States of Burma, in forests of Pentacme^ 

 Shorea ohtusa, MelanorrhcBa, and occasionally Dipterocarpus tuberculatus. — Sumatra. 

 Cochinchina. Philippines. Attains 100 ft., the trunk 5 ft. diam., branches forming a 

 flat umbrella-like crown, somewhat resembling P. Pinea, wood very resinous. L. 

 green, 6-10 in. long, back convex, sheaths grey with white fimbriate edge. The new 

 1. appear (in the Thaungyin) Feb. March, and the old 1. fall early in their second year. 

 Cones usually in pairs, 2-3 in. long, cylindric-conical, peduncle | in. long, scales with 

 a thick but fiat pyramidal beak, the faces of which are sulcate. Seeds small, many 

 times shorter than the uneq^ual-sided wing. 



2. CEDRUS, Link; FL Brit. Ind. v 653. 



Three local forms, which come true from seed, here classed as species, viz., 

 1. C. atlantica, Manetti. Atlas mountains, forming extensive forests at 

 4-7,000 ft. Leading shoot stiff erect, 1. short. 2. C. Libani, Barr. Taurus 

 and Anti-Taurus in Asia Minor 4-6,400 ft., forming forests with P. Laricio. 

 Mountains of Cyprus. Lebanon chain. Extremities of branches stiff. 



3. C. Deodara, Loudon ; Brandis E. PL 516. — Syn. O. Lihani, var. 

 Deodara, Hook, f . ; CoUett, Simla Mora 486, fig. 159. Finns Deodara, G-riff. 

 Ic. PL As. t. 364. The Himalayan Cedar. Sans. Devadaric, Vern. Roghj 

 Chitral; Dear, Kelu^ IST.W. HimaL; Kelmang, Kunawar. 



A tall tree, attaining 250 ft. under favourable circumstances, the leading 

 shoots and extremities of branchlets drooping, heart- wood yellowish-brown, 

 strongly scented, very durable. Foliage (in its native home) usually dark 

 green, sometimes bluish-green. L. 1-1 1- in. long, triquetrous, single on 

 elongated shoots and on seedlings, otherwise in dense fascicles on arrested 

 branchlets. Catkins cylindric, single, at the ends of arrested branchlets. 

 Cones erect, 4-5 in. long, 3-4 in. diam., obtuse, scales closely imbricate, 

 broadly cuneate, upper edge thin and rounded, broader than longy deciduous, 

 leaving the axis of the cone standing erect on the branches. Seeds -^-1 in., 

 wing triangular, | in. long. Cotyledons usually 10. 



Afghanistan. Kuram valley 7,500-10,000 It. Chitral. ISf-W. Himalaya 4-10,000, 

 ascending in places to 12,000 ft. in the basin of the principal tributaries of the Indus, 

 of the Tons, Jumna and Bhagirati rivers. On two feeders of the Alaknanda. Cultivated 

 in Kumaon and in Nepal. M. Sept. Oct., the cones ripen in the autumn of the follow- 

 ing year, about 13 months after flowering, cj and $ fl. generally are on different 

 ti-ees, sometimes on different branches of the same tree. Toung Deodar requires shelter 

 and stands a great deal of shade, self-sown seedlings readily come up under Oak and 

 other trees, and in spite of the soft and drooping terminal shoots they pierce with 

 great vigour through thickets of other trees. At Elew the Deodar is the first of the 

 3 Cedars to come out with a flush of young leaves, the Lebanon Cedar usually follows 

 a fortnight later, and the Atlas cedar comes last, after an interval of a few days. Old 

 trees of all three kinds, when growing isolated, particularly in exposed situations, 

 are apt to form tabulated tops. 



3. ABIES, Juss. ; M. Brit. Ind. v. 654. 

 Tall trees, leaves more or less bifarious, linear, 4 -nerved. Cone erect, 



