Pi<^ea] CXIV. CONIFEEiE 693 



Ear. t. 246 ; P. Khutroio, Eoyle 111. t. 84; Abies spimdosa, Griff. Ic. PL As. 

 t. 363. The Himalayan bpruce. Yern. AcJiara, Chitral ; Kachal^ Haz. ; 

 Eai^ Knlu to Jaunsar; Rau^ Ealang, Sutlej ; Tos, Kangra, Chamba. 



A tall tree, usually 100-120, sometimes over 200 ft. high, branches hori- 

 zontal, branchlets hanging tassel like, foliage dark green, bark greyish-brown, 

 divided by shallow cracks into small rounded or 4-sided scales. L. spirally 

 arranged all round the branches, stiff, pungent, 4-sided, 1-1 1 in. long, readily 

 deciduous when dry, articulate on a persistent ultimately woody base or 

 cushion, the young shoots often capped by the old bud-scales. Male catkin 

 usually single, cylindric, 1 in. long, sessile, antheriferous scale with a broad 

 rounded denticulate apex, anthers linear. Cones cylindric, obtuse, 4-6 in. 

 long, pendulous, dark brown, scales with a thin ed^e, seeds j- in. long, wing 

 broad, obliquely spathulate, Ij in. long. 



Kuram valley 8-12,000 ft., associated with Plnus excelsa. Kaj&ristan. Chitral. 

 Gilgit. Himalaya, common from Kashmir to Garhwal, 7-11,000 ft., often associated 

 With Quercus dilatata and semiear^nfolia and other broad-leaved trees, as well as with 

 Deodar, Pinus exceUa and the Himalayan Silver fir. Does not extend far into the 

 arid region ; in Kunawar, Pangi is its limit on the right and Eispa on the left 

 side of the valley. In Sikkim and Bhutan it grows in the inner valleys 8-15,000 ft. 

 M. April-May, the cones ripen in the autumn of the same year. Specimens from the 

 Chumbi valley have harder wood, hut do not seem otherwise to dijffer from Pkea 

 Morinda. (See Addenda.) 



Tsuga Brunoniana, Oarr.—Syn. Plnus Brunoniana, Wall. PL As. Ear. t. 247 \ Abies 

 dumosa^ Loudon. Vern. Tengre Salla, Nep. ; Tangshing, Bhutia. North-East Kumaon, 

 forming forests at 9-10,000 ft. Nepal. In the Sirikola valley, tributary of the little 

 Kanjit and elsewhere in the middle and inner ranges of Sikkim, forming extensive forests 

 below the Silver fir at 6-10,000 ft. Bhutan. A tall tree, attaining 120 ft., branches 

 spreading, branchlets pendulous. L. distichous, -J-l in. long, white-mealy beneath. 

 Cones ovoid, J-| in. long, scales broadly elliptic, obtuse, supporting scales not projecting 

 in the mature cone. Fl, May, June, cones ripen the same year. 



Larix GriffltMi, Hook. f. & Thorns.; Hook, Him. Plants t. 21. Yern. Sah, Saan, 

 Sikkim. Inner ranges of East Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, 8-12,000 ft. Tibet, 

 9-13,500 ft. A moderate-sized tree, heart-wood red, branches long, pendulous, foliage 

 pale green. L. deciduous, slender, 1 in. long, single on elongated shoots and seedlings, 

 otherwise in dense fascicles on arrested branchlets. Cones cylindric, 2-3 in. long, 

 erect (reversed) on the pendulous branchlets, scales persistent, supporting longer than 

 ovuliferous scales, tips reflexed cuspidate. 



5. CUPRESSUS, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 645. 



Leaves small, scale-like, closely appressed, opposite, mostly imbricate, those 

 of seedlings (juvenile form) needle-like, spreading, in whorls of 3 or 4. Fl. 

 monoecioTjs at the ends of short branchlets^ male catkins cylindric, numerous, 

 stamens stipitate, peltate, bearing on their lower edge 2-4 subglobose anther- 

 cells. Scales of ? cones few, decussate, those at the base and at the apex 

 sterile, the others bearing above their base 4-8 erect ovules, supporting scales 

 none. As the cones mature the scales become woody peltate and angular, each 

 with 4 or more small compressed winged seeds, cotyledons 2-3. 



1. C. torulosa, Don. The Himalayan Cypress. Vern. Devi diar, Eavi ; 

 Galla, Sutlej ; Leauri^ Jauns. ; Surai, Raisal, Grarhwal, Kumaon. 



A large tree, branches horizontal, whorled, with drooping branchlets, form- 

 ing a broad pyramidal crown, bark peeling off in long thin strips, heartwood 

 light bi^own, fragrant. L. closely imbricate, triangular. Cones clustered, 

 w m. Q.iam. 



Outer range of the Himalaya from Chamba to Nepal, 6-9,000 ft,, chiefly on lime- 

 stone, in places abundant, but more local and less common than most other Himalayan 

 Conifers. Fl. Feb.-Apr., f r. ripens in the autumn of the second year, and is often long 

 persistent on the tree. 2. C. sempervirens, Linn. Planted in gardens in Afghanistan 

 and North-West India, as well as throughout the Mediterranean region. A tall tree, 

 stem fluted, branches erect, forming a narrow dense cylindric crown of dark green 

 foliage. Cones few, 1 in. diam., scales rough, with a projecting, convex or keeled, 



