TRENTON LIMESTONE. 63 
99. 3. PALASOPHYCUS RUGOSUS (un. sp.). 
Pu. XXI. Fig. 2. 
Compare with P. tubularis, Pl. iii. figs. 1, 2, 4, 5. 
Stem subcylindrical, rough, branched ; branches cylindrical, diverging at nearly right 
angles from the main stem. The surface of the stem is very rugose, or irregularly pitted 
and ridged ; the branches flexuous, and nearly rectangular to the stem. 
This species is commonly obtained in fragments, and presents a great variety of 
appearance. 
Position and locality. Middleville ; West-Canada Creek, and below Prospect Hill, in the 
Trenton limestone. (State Collection.) 
100. 4. PALMOPHYCUS SIMPLEX (n. sp.). 
Pu. XXII. Figs. 1 a, b, c,d. 
Stems simple, cylindrical (or flattened and angular from compression), flexuous, gra- 
dually tapering to an obtuse point ; surface smooth, or with indistinct interrupted ridges or 
striz ; one side often with a longitudinal groove. 
The stems are apparently hollow tubes, as the interior is filled with fragments of shells, 
crinoidal columns, etc. The crust, or substance of the stems, appears to have been of 
moderate thickness ( one-half to one line ), and flexuous or elastic, as they are frequently 
bent and compressed. 
These fossils usually occur in short fragments, but they are not unfrequently met with 
in larger portions of six inches in length, and of the diameter of half an inch or more. 
From their tubular structure, flexuous form, and apparent attachment by roots, they have 
evidently been organic bodies. 
This species is perhaps more numerous than any other in the limestone, as I have 
obtained several hundred fragments of various lengths and dimensions. It appears to have 
grown only during the shaly deposition, and is imbedded in this portion of the mass ; 
consequently it is absent or obscure where such material is wanting as a component part of 
the rock. 
Fig. 1 a, A portion of a large stem, and section. 
Fig. 1 6. A fragment compressed and bent. 
Fig. 1 c. Section of the same. 
Fig. 1 d. A small fragment, showing the groove along the side of the stem. 
Position and locality. In the lower shaly portions of the Trenton limestone, at Middleville, 
Herkimer county. (State Collection.) 
