42 OF WOOD IN GENERAL 



2. Heartwood present and contrasting in colour. 



a. Heavy, hard, non-resinous, dull. Heartwood brownish 

 or orange-red : sapwood lemon-colour. Rings excentric, 

 wavy and sinuous. Taxus. The Yews, including T. 

 bdccata of Europe and Northern Asia, and T. hrevifolia 

 of North-west America. 

 h. Light, soft to medium hard, usually aromatic. Heartwood 

 rose, yellowish or brownish red : sapwood yellowish 

 white. Rings wavy and sinuous. Pith-rays very fine. 

 The " Red Cedars," Juniperus. 



Heartwood rose to brown red. /. virginidyia. 



Heartwood yellowish-brown. /. communis and /. Oxycedrus, 



c. Very light, very soft, odourless. Heartwood light-red, 



turning brownish : sapwood narrow, amber-coloured. 

 Rings regular. Pith-rays very distinct, especially on 

 the radial section. Resin-canals in a single row, or 

 absent. " Redwoods," Sequoia, 



d. Medium heavy and hard, often camphor-scented. Heart- 



wood rich brown, often mottled with darker brown 

 or yellow : sapwood narrow, white. Rings wavy. 

 " Cypress Pines," etc. Cdllitris. 



e. Light, moderately hard, or soft, fragrant. Heartwood 



yellowish or reddish-brown. Rings well rounded. 

 Resin-ducts few and narrow. Oedrus, 



3. Heartwood present, but differing only in shade from the sap- 



wood, of a dull yellowish or greyish brown. 

 a. ©dourless and tasteless. Taxodium, 

 h. Light, soft, with shght resinous odour, tasteless. Rings 

 finely and coarsely wavy. Pith-rays very fine but 

 distinctly coloured. " White Cedars," including Thuya 

 occidentdlis and T. gigdntea, Cupressus tkyoides and 0, 

 Lawsonidna. 

 c. Light, soft, with resinous smell and peppery taste. Incense 

 Cedar, Lihocedrus, 

 Near here belong apparently the Huon Pine and alUed species, 

 Dacrydium, etc. 



B. Resin-eanals present, at least in autumn wood. 



L Heartwood not distinctly coloured, white : resin-canals few, 

 very narrow : rings imperfectly rounded ; tracheids in pith- 

 rays. Spruces, Picea. 



2. Heartwood distinct. 



a. Resin-canals not numerous, nor evenly distributed. 



