50 



OF WOOD IN GENERAL 



*** Heartwood yellowish-brown, with an unpleasant 

 odour at first : sapwood yellowish-white : vessels 

 1-8 together : moderately hard. Bird Cherry, 

 Prunus Pddus. 



**** Heartwood blackish-brown, with pitch-flecks : sap- 

 wood reddish : vessels 1-5 together : hard. Black- 

 thorn, Prunus spinosa, 



***** Heartwood yellowish-brown : sapwood reddish - 

 white : vessels minute, 1-13 together : hard, heavy. 

 Cherry, Prunus Cerasus. 



****** Sapwood yellowish-white : heartwood slightly 



Fig. 35.— Transverse section of Sumach (Rhus Cotinus, L.). 



browner : vessels 1-8 together : hard : pith very 



large. Elder, Sambucus. 

 (ii) Pith-rays not at all, or scarcely visible. 

 * Heartwood orange - red : sapwood yellow : vessels 



about 50 together in branching flame-like groups : 



hard, heavy. Buckthorn, Rhdmnus cathdrticus 

 .(Fig. 28). 

 ** Similarly coloured ; but vessels 1-7 together, not in 



flames, but equally distributed and minute : soft. 



Berry-bearing Alder, Rhdmnus Frdngula. 

 *** Heartwood greyish-green, autumn wood in darker 



zones : sapwood narrow, yellowish - white : soft. 



Stag's horn Sumach, Rhus typhina. 



