CLASSIFICATION OF HARD-WOODS 



51 



**** Heartwood greenish to golden : sap wood narrow, 

 white : vessels 1-7 together : harder. Venetian 

 Sumach, or Wig-tree, Rhus Cotinus (Fig. 35.) 

 ***** Heartwood Hght brown, touched with red or violet : 

 sapwood narrow yellowish-white : hard, heavy. Lilac, 

 Syringa vulgaris, / 



2. Diffuse-porous : vessels numerous, usually minute, but neither 

 larger nor more numerous in the spring wood : rings some- 

 times rendered distinct by closer texture of the elements of 

 the autumn wood. . 



a. Vessels large, open, but few. ^ _, '" 



Fig. 36. — Transverse section of Butternut {Juglans cinerea). 



(i) Wood soft and Hght : heartwood light reddish-brown. 

 Butternut or White Walnut, Juglans cinerea (Fig. 36). 

 (ii) Wood hard and heavy : heartwood chocolate-brown : 

 pith-rays fine : fine peripheral lines of parenchyma 

 vessels 1-4 together : with darker wavy zones. 

 Common Walnut, Juglans regia, 

 (iii) Similar, but darker. Black Walnut, Juglans nigra. 

 The Indian Sal (Shorea rohusta) belongs here. 

 b. Vessels minute. 



(i) Broad pith-rays present. 

 * Pith-rays numerous, mostly broad, crowded : rings bend- 

 ing outwai*&s at the rays : reddish-white or light brown : 



4—2 



