54 OF WOOD IN GENERAL 



§§§ Vessels 1-5 together : pith - flecks numerous : 

 reddish. Rowan or Mountain Ash, Pyrus Auou- 



§§§§ Vessels 1-8 together, minute : sapwood whitish : 

 heartwood reddish, with satiny lustre. Birch, 

 Bitula, 



§§§§§ Light yellow, very compact and fine-grained, 

 almost horny : rings scarcely visible : heavy. 

 Box, Bi^xus. 

 ft Wood soft. 



§ Creamy white, yellowish or reddish, light : vessels 

 1-7 together, indistinct : rings wide. Horse- 

 chestnut or Buckeye, Msculus, 



§§ Sapwood white or reddish : heartwood light red 

 to dark brown, sometimes lustrous, light : rings 

 sometimes angular : vessels in worm-Hke groups. 

 Willow, Sdlix, 



§§§ Sapwood white : heartwood light brown, lustrous : 

 rings angular : vessels 1-5 together. Black 

 Poplars or Cottonwoods, Pofulus nigra, moni- 

 lifer a, haUamifera. 



§§§§ Rings circular : vessels 1-7 together, 

 t Without pith-flecks : heartwood yellow-brown. 



White Poplar, Populus alba, 

 JJ With white pith-flecks : white, with no distinct 

 heartwood. Aspen, Populus tremula. 



Further details as to the main types of structure are given and 

 illustrated in Appendix IV. 



