SHIPBUILDING TIMBERS 79" 



Australia, Iron-bark {M, sideropMoia) of Queensland and New 

 South Wales, and Sabicu {Lysiloma Sdbicu) of Cuba. Chow, or 

 Menkabang Penang {Casuarina equisetifolia) from Borneo, the 

 " Cedre " of the Seychelles, though a heavy wood, is mainly em- 

 ployed for masts, as are also the Poon, Tatamaka/or Alexandrian 

 Laurel of India {Galofhyllum InopTiyllum)^ which is known as 

 " Phung-nyet " in the Andaman Islands, as " Domba " in Sin- 

 halese, and as Penago, Panagah, Pingow, or Borneo Mahogany 

 in Borneo, the Peroba branca {Sapota gonocdrpa) of Brazil ; and, 

 still more, such soft woods as Biga Pir {Pmus sylvestris), Yellow 

 Pine (P. Strohus), Oregon or Douglas Fir {Pseudotsuga Dougldsii), 

 the unequalled Kauri Pine of New Zealand {Agathis austrdlis), and 

 the Huon Pine of Tasmania {Dacrydium Franklinii). For thi& 

 purpose a certain elasticity is requisite, resistance, that is, to wind. 

 Other coniferous woods are of more general use, such as Dantzic 

 Fir {Pinus sylvestris), the Totara {Podocdrpus Totara) and Tana- 

 kaha (P. asplenifoUus) of New Zealand, the Moreton Bay Pine 

 {Araucdria Gunninghdmi), mostly for spars. Red Pine {Pinus 

 resinosa) and Pitch Pine (P. palustris), which serve equally for 

 spars and for planking. Other species, mainly on account of their 

 dimensions, are chiefly employed in boat-building, such as the Black 

 or Cypress Pine [Gdllitris roMsta), the Oyster Bay Pine {G. rhom- 

 hoidea) and the Bermuda " Cedar " {Juniperus hermudidna) among 

 conifers ; and European and American Elm, Jarrah {Eucalyptus 

 margindta) and Bed Gum {E, rostrdta), Pynkado or Pyengadu 

 {Xylia dolabriformis), which is the Ironwood of Pegu and the Acle 

 of the Philippines, Anan {F agreed frdgrans), Gumbar {Omelina 

 arbor ea), Sundri {Heritiera Uttordlis), and the Brazihan Camara 

 {Oeissospermum Vellosii) among hard woods. Some timbers are 

 most valuable for compass timbers, such as the Angelim vermelho 

 (probably Andira fraxinifoUa) of Brazil and the Puriri ( Vitex littor^ 

 dlis) and Pohutukawa {Metrosideros tomentosa) of New Zealand ; 

 whilst others are used almost exclusively for decks and planldng, 

 such as the Turpentine Tree or Stanthorpe Box {Eucalyptus Studr- 

 tiana) and White Beech {Gmelina Leichhardtii) of Eastern Australia, 

 the Canella preta {Nectdndra dtra) of Brazil, and the Lauan {Dip- 

 terocdrpus tMrifer) of the Phihppines. Exceptionally hard and 

 tough woods, such as Lignum Vitse {Guaiacum ofjicindU) and the 

 Ironwood of Tasmania {Noteldea ligustrina), are required for blocks ; 

 whilst tough but flexible kinds, such as the Ash of Europe or America 

 and the Silver Wattle {Acdcia dealbdta), are employed for oars. 

 For the internal fittings of ships almost any species can obviously 

 be used which is employed in ordinary civil architecture or 

 joinery. 



