DYEING AND TANNING 93 



Dyeing and tanning. — Finally, somewliat apart from these 

 other uses to which woods are apphed, is the employment of certain 

 species for dyeing and tanning. Of the former the most important 

 are Logwood {Hcematoxylon campecMdnum L.), which dyes red or 

 black, and of which we import over 50,000 tons annually from 

 Central America ; Fustic, a yellow dye, obtained from the wood of 

 the large West Indian trees, Ghlorophora tinctoria Gaud. {^Mac- 

 lura tinctoria D. Don) and its varieties, xanthoxylon and dfflnis ; 

 Sappan or Yellow-wood, from Ccesalpinia Sdppan L. ; the red dyes 

 known as Brazil, Braziletto, Nicaragua, or Lima wood, from Ocesal- 

 pinia crista L., hrasiliensis L., ecMndta Lam., O. Mjuga, and G, tinc- 

 toria ; Camwood, Bdphia nitida Afz., from West Africa ; and Eed 

 Sanders or Sandal- wood, Pterocdrpus santalinus L. fil., and Adendn- 

 thera pavonina L., from India. 



Barks are more used for tanning than are woods ; but the Que- 

 brachos, the produce of several South American species, have been 

 a good deal employed of late years. 



The various methods employed consist essentially in a machine 

 for grinding the dye-wood into a fine state of division, and a boiler 

 or digester in which an extract is prepared by dissolving the grated 

 wood in a suitable lye» 



