WOOD SUPPLY OF RUSSIA, SCAJ^DINAVIA, ETC. 97 









Imports. 





Exports. 



Great Britain 



and 





Roumania, 



60,000 



Ireland, 



- 



- 



0,290,000 



Norway, - 



1,040,000 



Germany, 



- 



_ 



4,600,000 



Austria-Hungary - 



3,670,000 



France, - 



- 



- 



1,230,000 



Sweden, - 



4,460,000 



Belgium, 

 Denmark, 



- 



- 



1,020,000 

 470,000 



Russia, with Finland, 



5,900,000 



~ 



" 







Italy, - 



- 



- 



420,000 



Total 



15,130,000 



Spain, - 



- 



- 



210,000 







Holland, 



- 



- 



180,000 



Net import into 





Switzerland, 



- 



- 



170,000 



Europe, 



2,620,000 



Portugal, 



- 



- 



60,000 







Bulgaria, 



- 



- 



50,000 







Greece, - 



- 



- 



35,000 







Servia, - 



Total 



15,000 









17,750,000 





Russia. — In the well-managed forests of Germany the average 

 yearly growth, and, therefore, the amount legitimately felled 

 annually, is estimated at 2-3 cubic feet for every 100 cubic feet of 

 standing timber, or 50 cubic feet per acre. But in spite of the 

 enormous annual yield which this computation gives to the forests 

 of Eussia (viz., 23*475 million cubic feet), when we find nearly 

 haK that amount (10,000 millions) now used within the country for 

 fuel alone, and 30 milhons for house-building, it will be realized 

 how Httle reliance can be placed in Russia as a permanent source 

 ■of supply for Europe. Before reckoning for her increasing popu- 

 lation we may recall the saying that Russia is burnt down every 

 ^even years. Of the total timber output from Russian Govern- 

 ment forests in 1880 of 2,900,000 cubic fathoms, Spruce {Picea 

 exoelsa) constituted 37*5 per cent., Pine (mainly Pinus sylvestris), 

 27*8, soft woods (Birch, Linden, Aspen, etc.), 19-5, and hard woods 

 (6ak, Beech, etc.), 8-8 per cent. Besides paper-pulp from the 

 Aspen, and a certain amount of Walnut, Russia exports Box from 

 Odessa, and a large amount of Deal from the White Sea and Baltic 

 ports. The growing supply of timber at Archangel and the other 

 White Sea ports is yearly drawn from a greater distance inland. 



Scandinavia. — -Sweden sends more than half of her exported 

 timber to Great Britain. It consists largely of Pine, both as pit- 

 props and in a manufactured form, as window and door-frames : 

 Spruce or " White Deal," used for scaffolds, ladders, etc. ; matches, 

 of Pine and Aspen ; and paper-pulp of Aspen, Spruce, and Pine. 

 The exports of Norway are similar, a certain amount of Birch and 

 Maple [Acer flatano^des) also coming from this country to Englan L 

 Both Norway and Sweden are apparently reducing their forest areas 

 by cutting more than the annual increment. 



France — ^Though a well-wooded country, with carefully managed 



7 



