134 WOODS OE COMMERCE 



keelsons, packing-cases, carpentry, or railway-carriage building ; 

 but less durable than E. globulus or ^. oUiqua. 



Ash, Black Mountain {Eucalyptus lencoxylon F. v. M.). See 

 Iron-hark. 



Ash, Oregon {Frdxinus Oregona Nutt. Order Oledcece). North- 

 western United States. Height 30—40 or 60 ft. ; diam. 1—1^ ft. 

 Resembling White Ash, rather heavy, sometimes brittle, not 

 strong. Used for furniture, waggon and carriage - frames and 

 cooperage. 



Ash, Prickly {ZantUxylum Clava-Herculis L. : Order Rutdcece). 

 West Indies. The prickly young stems are imported under the 

 name of " Briar " for walking-sticks. In Jamaica it is known as 

 "Prickly Yellow - wood." W 60*66. E 499. / 2-7. fc 1*77. 

 fs -418. 



Ash, Red, Grey, or Brown-harked {Frdxinus Pennsylvdnica 

 Marshall- J. puUscens Lam. = F. tomentosa Michx. : Order Oledcm). 

 New Brunswick and South Ontario to Louisiana and Florida, 

 along streams, chiefly in the north. French " Frene rouge," Oerm, 

 '' Rothesche," Span, " Fresno Colorado." Height 50 ft. ; diam. 

 2 ft. S.G. 625. W38— 96. E 8,122 lbs. R 869 kilos. 



Sapwood light brown or nearly white, sharply defined ; some- 

 times streaked with yellow ; heart rich or light reddish brown, 

 moderately heavy, hard, rather strong, coarse-grained, brittle ; 

 pith-rays numerous, thin. Used locally for agricultural imple- 

 ments, fence-rails, interior finishing or furniture, as a substitute for 

 jDiacK! xxsn. 



In Australia the name " Red Ash " is appHed to Alphitonia 

 excelsa [See Ash, Mountain,] and to OriUs excelsa [See Oak, Silky.] 



Ash, Rock, of Cape Colony. See Els, Klip. 



Ash, Water, Swamp, or Arkansas {Frdxinus GaroUnidna Miller = 

 F. platycdrpa Michaux. : Order Oledcece), Swamps : Virginia — 

 Louisiana. W 35*75. Coarse-grained, brittle. 



Other less important species, used locally, are Frdxinus anomala 

 Watson. S.G. 660. W 41—11. Light brown with thick sap- 

 wood (30—40 rings), thin medullary rays, many large scattered 

 ducts and several rows of small ducts. Heavy, hard, close-grained. 

 Colorado, Utah, Nevada. 



F. Berlandieridna D.C. Used for tool-handles in Mexico. 



F, velutina Torrey (= F, pistacicefoUa Torrey). Used, for axe- 

 handles and waggons, in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. 



Aspen {Populus tremula L. : Order Salicinece). German " Aspe," 

 ''Espe," " Zitterpappel," French "peupHer tremble," Span, 

 " alamo tremblon," Russ, '' osyka." Possibly the Becalm, awiu-i 

 or Mulberry (A.V.) of 2 Samuel v. 23, the '' Pyrus " of the Vulgate. 



