HAZEL-PINE— HICKOEY 185 



dimensions, over a foot in diameter, and yields a fine-grained, 

 reddish-yellow wood, suitable for small furniture work. 



Hazel-Pine. See Gum, Sweet 



Hemlock Spruce [Tsuga canadensis Carr. : Order Goniferce), 

 Eastern North America. " Hemlock," " Hemlock Fir." French 

 " Peruche," Germ, " SchierHng Tanne." Height 80—100 ft. ; 

 diam. 3 ft. S.G. 244. W 26-4. R 736 kilos. Light reddish-grey 

 or brown, with hghter sapwood ; free from resin-ducts, light, soft, 

 stiff, but brittle, usually coarse-grained, splintery, not very easily 

 worked, shrinking and warping considerably in seasoning, retaining 

 nails firmly, but wearing rough and not very durable. Used for 

 sleepers, laths, rafters, planks, fencing, etc. Its bark is valuable 

 for tanning. 



Hemlock, Western [Tsuga Mertensidna Carr. = Abies Alhertidna 

 Murray). Western North America. " Prince Albert's Fir." 

 Height 180 ft. or more ; diam. 9 ft. or more. W 36*5. Heavier 

 and harder than the Eastern form, but not strong. Used for 

 rough lumber ; but chiefly valued for its bark. 



Hiba {Thujopsis dolahrdta Sieb. and Zucc. : Order CupressinecB) . 

 Japan. Japanese "Hiba, Asu-N*aro, Thuia." French "Thuia de 

 Japon." Germ, " Hiba-Lebensbaum, Eeilblatriger Lebensbaum." 

 Height 7 — 40 ft. ; diam. small. Yellowish-white, durable. Used 

 in house-, bridge-, and boat-building. 



Hickory, originally the name of the North American genus 

 Hicoria or Cdrya (Order Juglanddcece), closely allied to the Walnuts. 

 " So close an analogy exists in the wood of these trees that, when 

 stripped of their bark, no difference is discernible in the grain, 

 which is coarse and open in all, nor in the colour of the heart- 

 wood, which is uniformly reddish " (Michaux). In all, the sap- 

 wood is broad and white, the heart a reddish nut-brown, heavy, 

 hard, strong, proverbially tough, elastic, coarse, smooth and 

 straight-grained ; the pith large, pith-rays numerous but hardly 

 discernible ; with numerous fine peripheral lines of wood- 

 parenchyma ; the pore-circle narrow but with large pores, whilst 

 the vessels in the autumn wood are small and scattered. The 

 wood seasons slowly, shrinking and warping considerably ; unlike 

 Walnut, is very subject to the attacks of boring insects ; and is not 

 durable if exposed. It is, consequently, never used in house- or 

 ship-building ; but is specially valued for carriage-building, axles, 

 the handles of implements, screws such as those of bookbinders' 

 presses, bows, chair-making, "Coach-whips, gunstocks, hoops, fuel, 

 and charcoal. It is harder, heavier and tougher than Ash. Nearly 

 all American-made carriage-wheels imported into Britain have 

 Hickory spokes and rims, which, though quite satisfactory in the 



