OAK 229 



porous as to be unfit for staves for liquor casks, shrinking moderately 

 without spHtting, easy to work. Used for flour- and sugar-harrels, 

 claphoards, chairs, and interior finish, and imported from Canada 

 to Loudon and stiU more to Liverpool for furniture-making. It is 

 valued for its bark. [See also Oak, Spanish.] 



Oak, Rock. See Oak, Chestnut. 



Oak, Scarlet {Q. coccinea Wang.). Eastern United States. 

 Height 100 ft. or more ; diam. 3—4 ft. S.G. 740. W 46. E 1,054 

 kilos. Sapwood whitish ; heart ill-defined, pinkish-brown, heavy 

 hard, strong ; rings narrow, wavy ; pores in 3 — 4 rows, making a 

 rather broad zone ; pith-rays prominent. Used in cooperage, 

 chair-making, and interior finish, being treated in trade as Red Oak, 

 and of small value. 



Oak, Spanish (Q. falcdta Michx.). Eastern and Southern States. 

 Known also as " Red Oak." Height 70 ft. or more ; diam. 4 ft. or 

 more. Heavj'-, very hard and strong, but not durable. Valued for 

 its bark ; but used in building and cooperage, and as fuel. 



Oak, Swamp Spanish. See Oak, Pin. 



Oak, Tan-l)ark {Q. densiflora Hook and Arn.). Pacific coast. 

 Known also as *' Peach " or " Caliiornia Chestnut Oak." Height 

 60 — 70 ft. ; diam. 2 — ^ ft. Heavy, hard, strong. Glassed as an 

 inferior White Oak ; but valued chiefly for its bark. 



Oak, Water (Q. aqudtica Walt.). Central, Southern, and South- 

 Eastern States. Known also as " Luck, Possum " or " Punk 

 Oak." Height 50—80 ft. ; diam. 3 — 4 ft. ; heavy, hard, strong. 

 Sapwood whitish ; heart ill-defined, light brown ; rings of moderate 

 width, wavy ; pores in 1 — 2 rows, graduating into those of the 

 autumn- wood ; pith-rays numerous and prominent, but not very 

 wide. Used in cooperage, but chiefly as fuel. The name is also 

 applied to Q, palustris. [See Oak, Pin.] 



Oak, White (Q. alba L.). South-Eastern Canada, Eastern 

 United States. Height 70—130 ft.; diam. 6—8 ft. S.G. 1,054^ 

 695. W 46-35— 65-75. fc 1-5- 2-3. e' M9— 1-58. p' 1— -9. 

 c 7,021—3,832. c' -927— -506. v' -912— -771. E 905 Hlos. 

 Sapwood whitish ; heart defined, reddish-brown ; heavy, hare, tough, 

 straight-grained, strong, durable in contact with soil ; rings narrow, 

 slightly wavy ; pores in spring- wood in 1 — 2 rows, those in. summer- 

 wood very fine ; pith-rays numerous end prominent ; wide radial 

 groups of dense woody fibre extending across the summer-wood 

 crossed by several concentric lines of fine pores. One of the most 

 generaUy useful of American hard-woods, being so elastic that 

 '' planks cut from it may, when steamed, be bent into almost any 

 form," shrinking and splitting very little m seasoning, but hable to 

 some twisting, free from knots, and shipped in logs from 25 — 50 ft. 



