OAK 231 



a. brownisli-grey, very hard wood, used in bouse- and bridge- 

 bnilding. 



Oak, Grey (Q. incdna Eoxb.). From the Indus to Nepal, at 

 altitudes of 8,000 — 3,000 ft. Known also as " Himalayan Ilex " 

 or " Ban," and in Kumaon as " Munroo." Heartwood reddish- 

 brow, very hard, but warping and splitting considerably in build- 

 ing. Used in buildmg. 



Oak, Holm {Q. Ilex L.), the same species that occurs in Southern 

 Europe, occurs also in the North- West. 



Oak, Ring-cupped {Q, annuldta Sm.). Sikkim, up to altitudes 

 of 10,000 ft. A well-marked, handsome, but not durable wood. 



Q, fenestrdta Roxb., of the Eastern Himalaya, from Sylhet to 

 Burmah, and of the Khasia Hills, growing down to 50 ft. above the 

 sea, yields a red, very hard, good and durable heartwood, somewhat 

 inferior to EngHsh Oak. 



Q. Griffithii Hook. fil. & Throm., of Bhotan, Sikkim and the 

 Khasia Hills, yields a brown, very hard, strong wood, much re- 

 sembHng Enghsh Oak, used in building. 



Q. lamellosa Sm., occurring from Nepal to Bhotan, has a grey- 

 brown wood with a beautiful silver grain, used in building, but not 

 very durable if exposed. 



Q. lancecefolia Roxb., of the Garrow Hills and Assam, yields a 

 light-coloured wood, resembling English Oak, but harder and very 

 durable. 



Q. lappdcea Roxb., of the Khasia Hills, has a strong wood, re- 

 sembHng English Oak, but hard and more close-grained. 



Q. pachyphylla Kurz, of the Eastern part of the range, at altitudes 

 of 8,000—10,000 ft., yields a greyish, very durable, damp-resisting 

 timber, used for fencing, shingles, and planks. 



Q serrdta Thunb., which ranges from the Himalaya into China 

 and Japan, yields a brown, very hard, building wood, resembling 

 that of Q. Griffithii. 



Q. spicdta Sm., the range of which extends from the Himalayas 

 to Malacca and the Sunda Islands, yields a reddish, very hard and 

 durable wood, used in India for builaing. 



In Southern Japan several species of evergreen Oak occur, 

 including Q. acuta Thunb., " Aka-gashi," with a dark red-brown, 

 very hard and heavy heartwood, used in waggon-building ; the 

 lighter-coloured Q. qilva Bl. " Ichii-gashi "; and the greyish-white 

 Q. vihrayedna Tr. & Tav., " Shira-gashi," and Q, myrsincefolia 

 BL, " Urajiro-ga&hi," used in ship-building aud waggon-building. 

 In Northern Japan occurs Q. grosserdta BL, " O-nara," the wood of 

 wliich is employed for building and furniture. 



Oak, African {Lophira aldta Banks: Order Dipterocarpdcece), 

 Lagos and the Gold Coast. W 67—72. Deep-red, heavy, very 



