242 WOODS OF COMMERCE 



Pine seasons rapidly and witli but little shrmkage, this being, 

 however, greater in the harder kinds. It is never too hard to nail, 

 and when once well seasoned, is not subject to the attacks of 

 boring insects. It is not, therefore, to be wondered at that Pine 

 has become by far the most extensively used of all woods. The 

 straight-growing, tapering stem fits it for masts and spars; its 

 strength and lightness recommend it for ships' timbers, planking, 

 bridges, and carriage-building, its durability for sleepers, its resinous 

 character for torches or fuel, the refuse yielding charcoal and lamp- 

 black, and its cheapness for street-paving, general carpentry, 

 common furniture and boxes and paper-pulp. 



Pine, Adventure Bay. See Pine, Celery-topped. 



Pine, Aleppo (P. halepensis Mill.). Mediterraneanr egion ; intro- 

 duced in AustraHa. Height 50—80 ft. ; diam. 2—3 ft. Yellowish- 

 white, fine-grained. Valued locally for telegraph-poles, turnery, 

 joinery, or fuel, and as a source of turpentine. This was probably 

 the Oren, tt/tu?, or '' Ash " of Isaiah xhv. 14 ; and also the Berosh, 

 KV7rdpi(rao<;, or '' Kr " of Isaiah xxxvii. 24. It was used for flooring, 

 ceiling, and doors in the Temple, for harps, and for ships' decks. 



Pine, Austrian {Pinus austriaca Hoss. = P. Laricio in part). 

 Lower Austria and the north of the Balkan Peninsula. Known 

 also as " Black Austrian Pine." Germ. " Schwarzkiefer." French 

 " Pin noir d'Autriche." Height 80—120 ft., relatively slender. 

 Wood very similar to that of the Northern Pine (P. syhistris) ; but, 

 when grown in poor soil, apt to be knotty. Suitable for fencing 

 or fuel. 



Pine, Bastard. See Pine, Cuban. 



Pine, Bhotan (P. excelsa Wall.). At altitudes of 6,000 to 12,000 ft., 

 from Bhotan to the Kuram Pass in Afghanistan. Also known as 

 '' Indian Blue, Eive-leaved," or " Himalayan Pine." French 

 " Pin pleureur." Germ, " Thranen Kiefer." Chinese " Tong- 

 schi." Height 50 — 150 ft. ; diam. 2—3 ft. Reddish, compact, 

 close-grained, very resinous, durable. Used for torches ; but the 

 most valuable wood of its district for building or engineering work, 

 and second only in durabihty to the Deodar. 



Pine, Big-cone (P. Coulteri I>on. = P. macrocdrpa Lind.). Coast- 

 range of California. Reported to be of small value as timber. 



Pine, Bishops'. See Pine, Obispo. 



Pine, Blaek, in North America (P. Jeffreyi Balf.). California 

 and Oregon, above 6,000 ft. Known also as " Bull Pine." Height 

 100 ft. or more, up to 300 ft. ; diam. 4 ft. or more, up to 10 or 

 12 ft. Light, hard, strong, very resinous. One of the " Hard 

 Pines," closely allied to the Bull Pine (P. fonderosa). Used locally,, 

 chiefly as coarse lumber. See also Pine, Lodge-pole. 



