PINE 247 



Reddish, resembling the Northern Pine (P. sylvestns), but heavier 

 and more resinous, owing to which latter character the broad zone 

 of autumii-wood appears greasy, tough, compact, clean, regular, 

 straight, and sometimes fine and sometimes rather coarse in grain, 

 susceptible of a high poHsh, rigid, rather difficult to work, but 

 harder and stronger than other American Pine, hable to heart and 

 cup-shake; but, I beheve, very durable. "There are," says 

 Mr. Stevenson, "numerous architects and civil engineers who 

 rigidly adhere to the use of Memel and Bantzic Fir, and who will 

 not allow the use of Pitch Pine, whilst there are others who rank 

 it almost with the Oak, and state that in piUng, and in jetties, 

 exposed to the tides and weather, it will last double and treble 

 the time allotted to Memel and Bantzic Pir." It is still the most 

 abundant, and by far the most valuable, Pine in the Atlantic 

 States, occupying a belt from 80 to 125 miles wide, once covering 

 130,000 square miles. " Invaded from every direction by the 

 axe, a prey to fires, which weaken the mature trees and destroy 

 the tender saplings, wasted by the pasturage of domestic animals, 

 and destroyed for the doubtful profits of the turpentine industry, 

 the forests . . . appear hopelessly doomed to lose their commercial 

 importance at no distant day " (Sargent). Millions of feet of 

 marketable timber are constantly destroyed by the carelessness of 

 the turpentine-workers. As a source of turpentine it is the most 

 important species in the world. Its timber is used in ship-building 

 for spars, beams, and planking, the redder wood (" Red Pine " 

 of the dockyards in the Northern States) being specially valued for 

 durability and a greater power of resisting the ship-worm than that 

 possessed by Oak, In English shipbuilding it has almost extin- 

 guished the use of Baltic timber for spars, England importing, in 

 aU, over 500 milhon feet, or nearly 870,000 loads — ^more than a third 

 of the entire export. In America it is largely used for fencing, 

 railway-ties, mine-timbers, wood-paving, house-building, and fuel ; 

 whilst in this country it is largely used for wainscoting and church 

 and school fittings, and to some extent in cabinet-making. 



Pine, Long-leaf, of the Himalayas (P. longi folia Roxb.). Prom 

 Bhotan to Afghanistan at altitudes of 1,500 to 7,500 ft. Hind, 

 " Ohir." Height 100 ft, or more. Soft, not durable, easily worked. 

 Used for tea-boxes, shingles, and building ; but chiefly valuable for 

 its resin, one tree yielding 10 — 20 lbs. the first year. The wood 

 is also used for torches and for charcoal, so that this is, on the 

 whole, the most valuable Himalayan species. 



Pine, Lowland Spruce (P. gldbra Walt.). South-Eastern United 

 States. Known also as '' Cedar " or " White Pine," and in Florida 

 as '' Old Field Pine." Height 80 ft. or more ; diam. 3 ft. or more. 

 Light, soft, brittle, easily worked, not strong or durable, resembling 



