PINE 251 



straight and regular in grain, -with few knots scattered as in Larch, 

 firm, tough, elastic, not in the least liable to warp, more nearly 

 resembling Canadian Eed Pine (P. resinosa) than any other wood, 

 rapid in growth, averaging 2 ft. in diam. at 100 years of age, 

 very durable ; annual rings well defined ; resin-ducts small, often 

 in groups of 8 — 30 ; pith-rays with tracheids with bordered pits 

 as upper and under rows and parenchyma with simple pits in the 

 centre ; tracheids in the xylem with a spiral thickening, which 

 distinguishes it from all allied wood. Coming to market in clean, 

 straight spars 40 — 110 ft. in length, and 9 — 32 in. in diam., this 

 timber is excellent for lower masts, yards, bowsprits, etc., though 

 less adapted for top-masts, where there is much friction, than Biga, 

 Dantzic, or Kauri timber. Used in its native country also for 

 house-building, engineering work and fuel, its freedom from fungoid 

 disease and duraWUty, even when grown rapidly in Scotland, suggests 

 that Douglas Fir may well supersede Larch for sleepers, etc. It is 

 26 per cent, cheaper than Archangel wood of the same quality. 

 Of the two varieties var. macrocdrpa, the Californian, is better 

 worth growing than the slower var. glauca of Colorado. 



Pine, Oyster-bay, See Cypress Pine. 



Pine, Pitch (P. rigida Miller). Ontario and New Brunswick to 

 Florida. Height 40—80 ft. ; diam. 2—3 ft. S.G. 515. W 32. 

 E 739 kilos. Small, coarse-grained, resinous, knotty, light, soft, 

 brittle. Used chiefly for fuel, for which it is unsurpassed in the 

 North, and for charcoal ; but formerly much used in New England 

 for building. The name in trade outside the United States belongs 

 to the Long-leaf Pine (P. palustris). 



Pine, Pond (P. serotina Michx.), little more than a southern 

 variety of the last-named. 



Pine, Port Macquarie {Fren6la Madeaydna Parlat. : Order Gupres- 

 sinece). North-East Austraha, Height 20 — 30 ft. ; diam. 6 — 12 in. 

 Light, useful, and probably termite-proof, Hke other Cypress Pines. 

 Used in house-building. 



Pine, Prince's. See Pine, Grey. 



Pine, Pumpkin. See Pine, White. 



Pine, Red, of America. See Pine, Canadian Red. 



Pine, Red, of Australia. See Cypress Pine. 



Pine, Red, of New Zealand. See Rimu. 



Pine, Rock. See Cypress Pine. 



Pine, Rosemary. See Pine, LoWolIy. 



Pine, Sand (P. clausa Vasey). South-East United States. 

 Known also as "Upland Spruce" or "Scrub Pine." Height 

 15—20 or 80 ft. ; diam. 1—2 ft. S.G. 557. W 34:-75. Sapwood 



