276 WOODS OF COMMERCE 



Asiatic — 



Siberian - - - - P. obovdta Ledebour. 

 Himalayan - - - - P. Morinda Link. 

 Yezo P. ajaninsis Eischer. 



P. Alcockidna Carri^re. 



P. GUhni Er. Schmidt. 

 Japanese - - - - P. Hondoensis Mayr. 

 Tiger's-tail - - - - P. poUfa Garri^re. 



North American — 



White or Canadian - - P. alba Link. 



Black (" American ") - - P. nigra Link. 



Eed P. rubra Link. 



Blue or Colorado - - - P. pungens Engelmann. 



Engelmann's - - - P. IJngelmdnni'Engelmami. 



Sitka or Menzies's - - P. sitchensis Trautw. 



Spruce, American, See Spruce, Black, 



Spruce, Bastard. See Pine, Oregon. 



Spruce, Baltic. See Spruce, Common, 



Spruce, Black {Picia nigra Link). Alaska, Canada, Newfound- 

 land and North-Eastern United States. Known g^lso as " American, 

 Canadian, New Brunswick, St. John's, Double," or '* Muskeag 

 Spruce." French " Sapinette noir, Epinette noir, Epinette a la 

 bi^re." Oerm. '' Schwarzfichte." Height 25 — 80 ft. ; diam. 1 — 3 ft. 

 S.G. 451—510. W 28-5. e' 1-74. f -83. R 747 kilos. Sap- 

 wood nearly white ; heart sHghtly reddish, light, soft, elastic, strong, 

 compact, with satiny lustre, being tougher, stronger, more elastic, 

 and more durable than Yellow Pine, only slightly resinous, and, 

 therefore, not good as fuel. Trees with wide rings are known to 

 lumbermen as " White Spruce." Canadian Spruce is inferior in 

 strength and durability to the Baltic White. The best shipments 

 are those from Quebec and St. John's, the Lower Ports Deals being 

 of less value. Canadian Spruce is used as '' lumber." especially 

 for flooring ; for spars and other purposes in ship-building ; for piles, 

 paddles, and oars ; when " quarter-sawn " — i.e., cut radially^ — ^in the 

 manufacture of sounding-boards for pianos, violins, etc. ; and very 

 largely for paper-pulp. The " Canadian deals " largely imported 

 to the West Indies and England are used, among other purposes, in 

 Manchester and Birmingham for packing-cases. The tree yields 

 a chewing-gum, and its shoots are brewed into Spruce beer. 



Spruce, Blue (P. pungens Engelm.). Rocky Mountains at 

 altitudes of 6,000—9,000 ft. Known also as " Colorado " or 

 ''Rocky Mountain Spruce." Height 80—100 ft. ; diam. 1—3 ft. 

 Cjarse, strong, useful lumber. 



