DIRECTION OF PROPULSION, 



49 



Direction of Propulsion and Distance through which the 

 Centre of Gravity of the Body is Moved. — The direction of the 

 piopulsion given by a limb is necessarily through its column of bones. 

 If we examine all the illustrations of the progressive movements of the 

 horse, from Fig. 55 to Fig. 190, we shall see that in every case, just before 

 a limb leaves the ground, it is directed backward and downward, as, for 

 instance, the near hind in Fig. 105, and the off fore in Fig. 130. Hence the 

 direction of propulsion in these cases must be forward and upward. The 



Fig. 3l 



Fig. 3: 



Fig. 33. 



Fig. 34. 

 Running High Leap of Man. 



Fig. 35. 



speed at which the body is moving will greatly influence the direction of 

 the propulsion. Thus in Fig. 32, which is one of the series (Fig. 31 to 

 Fig. 35) that shows the running high leap of a man, the impetus from the 

 right leg is given vertically ; yet the centre of gravity is projected forward at 

 about an angle of 45° to the ground. The reason for this is, that in this 

 case there are two forces of projection, namely, that derived from the 

 extension of the right leg, and that due to the speed at which the pedestrian 

 ran up to the jump before he " took off." We have here the operation of 



