462 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
Bombus) [170], and also in Sphex and the Formicide ; he 
termed them ‘Disques radiés.’ Leydig described them in 
Vespa [42], Dietl in Acheta domestica and Gryllotalpa [175]; 
and Flégel discovered them in Blatta [177]. Flégel demon- 
strated the presence of these organs in a more rudimentary 
form in the Coleoptera. Whilst Bellonci [183] and Cuccati 
[186] first described them in the Diptera. 
The calices, in those groups in which they remained longest 
unknown, are distinguished by the remarkable fineness of their 
constituent fibres. Hitherto the only insects in which they 
have escaped detection are the Hemiptera, and it appears 
probable that they really exist in these, which in many other 
points resemble the Diptera. It is usually stated that they are 
absent in the Crustacea, but similar structures are certainly 
present in the Crayfish (Astacus), on the sides of the meso- 
cerebron, as has been already stated (p. 445). 
The corpora fungiformia are relatively largest in the 
Orthoptera, when compared with the rest of the brain. In 
the Crickets there is only one calix in each hemisphere (Vial- 
lanes [185, Mem. 5}). In the Bee, Wasp, and Ant, these 
organs are very large and readily separate from the surrounding 
gray matter, so that they are seen as distinct bell-shaped pro- 
jections, which were figured by Dujardin. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXXIII. 
Fic. 1.—A frontal section of the brain of a Blow-fly through the posterior part of the 
corpus centrale. This section is somewhat oblique, the right side slightly behind 
the left side. The external corpus fungiforme is seen on the left side: 7, infra- 
cesophageal ganglia; m, mesocerebron; mm 7, internal medulla of the optic 
ganglion ; ¢, trabecula. 
Fic, 2.—A section of the internal corpus fungiforme and pyramidal ganglion behind 
the section seen in Fig, 1, from the same brain: ¢/ x, calix of the internal corpus 
fungiforme ; g, great ganglion cells of the pyramidal ganglion, beneath which the 
roots of the nerve to the ocelli are seen. The other letters as in Fig. 1. 
Fic. 3.—A lateral section through the brain between the cesophagus and the corpus 
centrale; a, antennal ganglia; cv, crural ganglia ; fz, middle capsule; m e, 
external, and » 7, internal medulla of the optic ganglion ; #/, metacerebron ; 
0 s, optic peduncle ; /, posterior capsule of the optic ganglion ; Ad, peduncles of 
the corpus centrale ; //, thalamic lobe. 
The two bundles lying in the crural ganglia are the ascending fibres of the 
crus ; the oval commissure behind the peduncles of the corpus centrale is part of 
the inferior commissure of the mesocerebron, The ascending fibres of the crus 
are also seen in Fig. 1, and the commissure of the mesocerebron in Fig. 2. 
