THE EXTERNAL GENERATIVE ORGANS. 725 
several parts can be distinguished. Kraatz, in 1881 [876], 
remarked that no critical nomenclature then existed, and I am 
unaware that any has been since suggested. There is no 
subject in Insect anatomy which has received less attention, 
and I have been unable to find any works on the subject 
except Lacaze-Duthiers’ well-known memoirs on the female 
genital armature, and three or four on the ovipositors of Insects, 
especially on the stings of the aculeate Hymenoptera. 
More or less detailed descriptions of the male genital arma- 
ture are found in memoirs on various Insects, but each author 
has adopted a separate and very imperfect nomenclature, so 
that the homologies of those parts, which occur in almost 
all the more differentiated forms of Insects, are very little 
understood, and are still a subject of speculation and contro- 
versy. 
Views of Lacaze-Duthiers.—Lacaze-Duthiers [870] was the first 
author who attempted any clear exposition of the nature of the 
parts, and his work was confined to a study of the comparative 
Bibliography : 
370. LACAZE-DUTHIERS, ‘Recherches sur l’armure des Insectes femelle.’ 
(a2) Hymenoptires ; (6) Neuroptéres, Coleopttres, Diptéres, etc. ; 
(c) General. Ann, Sc. Nat. Zool., ser. iii. (a) tom. xiii., xiv. and xvi.. 
1849-1852; (4) tom. xix.; (¢) tom, xix., 1853. 
371. PACKARD, A. S., ‘Observations on the Development and Position 
of the Hymenoptera, with Notes on the Morphology of Insects.’ 
Proc, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. x., p. 279, 1866. 
372. PACKARD, A. S., ‘Guide to the Study of Insects.’ Salem, Mass., 
8vo, 1869. 
373, OULJANIN, ‘Entwickelung des Stachels der Arbeitsbiene.’ Zeitsch. 
f. w. Zool., Bd. xxii., p. 289, 1872. 
374. KrApeE.in, K., ‘Untersuchungen iiber den Bau, Mechanismus und 
Entwicklungsgeschichte des Stachels der Bienenartigen Thiere.’ 
Zeitsch. f. w. Zool., Bd. xxiii., 1873. 
375. Drwirz, H., ‘Ueber Bau und Entwickelung des Stachels und der 
Legescheide einiger Hymenopteren und der griinen Heuschrecke.’ 
Zeitsch. f. w. Zool., Bd. xxv., 1875. 
376. KRAAtTzZ, G., ‘Ueber die Wichtigkeit der Untersuchung des mann- 
lichen Begattungsglied der Kafer fiir Systematik und Art-Unter- 
scheidung. Deutsche entomolog. Zeitsch., Bd. xxv., pp. 113-126, 
1881. 
