180 WOODY PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
FAMILY IV. THE WALNUT FAMILY. JUGLANDACE. 
De Canpouue. 
The plants belonging to this family are lofty umber trees, 
found native in the northern temperate regions of both conti- 
nents. They are distinguished for their compound, pinnate 
leaves, exhaling an aromatic odor when crushed; the barren 
flowers borne on simple or compound pendulous catkins; the 
fertile, in a small terminal group, or solitary. There are few 
genera ;—one common to Europe and this country, one peculiar 
to this country, and a few others more recently and less per- 
fecily known. 
The kernels of several of the species are sweet and whole- 
some, abounding in oil. The rind of the English walnut is 
extremely astringent, the rind and the bark of the butternut 
possess cathartic properties, and the husk and bark of both 
species of American walnut and of several of the hickories, may 
be used in dyeing. The wood of all is highly valuable as 
timber. 
Insects on the Walnuts and Hickories—The caterpillar of 
the beautiful Zana moth, (Adéacus Luna; Harris’s Report, p. 
277), feeds on the leaves of the hickories and walnuts. So does 
a species of the Limacodes or slug-caterpillars, (ib. p. 303). 
Swarms of caterpillars of one or perhaps several species of 
Pyge@re are found on the same trees, (ab. p. 313). The smaller 
limbs of the pignut hickory are found, during July, covered on 
their lower surface by clusters of the Aphis carye, (ib. p. 190), 
which suck their sap; and ihe bark and wood of this tree are 
bored, sometimes very extensively, by the larve of a Buprestian 
bectle, (ib. p. 40). Grubs of the Apate basillaris sometimes 
destroy the shellbark by boring to its heart, where they undergo 
their transformation, (ib. p. 76). The caterpillar of the walnut 
sphinx, (Smerinthus juglandis), fecds on the leaves of the black 
walnut and the butternut, (ib. p. 230), and the most magnificent 
of the American moths, called by Dr. Harris the regal walnut 
