IV. 1. THE WALNUT 181 
moth, Ceratocampa regalis, feeds on the leaves of the black 
walnut, (Report, p. 287). 
The two American genera of the Walnut Family, are the 
Walnut and the Hickory. 
1. ‘The Walnut has its flowers in simple, undivided aments, 
its fruit covered by an undivided husk, and its leaves made up 
of very many leaflets,—from eleven to twenty-three. 
2. ‘The Hickory has its sterile flowers in compound aments, 
the husk of its fruit opening naturally by four seams, and its 
leaves of fewer leaflets,—from five to nine. 
I. THE WALNUT. JUGLANS. L. 
Spreading, round-headed timber trees, natives of North Amer- 
ica and Persia, with rough bark, and deciducus, aromatic, com- 
pound leaves, made up of many leaflets, as many, usually, as 
from five to eleven pairs with an odd one. The sterile flowers 
are in large, undivided catkins, from buds distinct from the 
leaf buds, each flower containing from eight to thirty-six sta- 
mens; the fertile are solitary or in small groups at the end of 
the branches. The fruit is large, and covered with a spongy, 
odorous, undivided husk. 
Before the introduction of the mahogany into Europe, the 
wood of the European walnut was much employed in the con- 
struction of furniture. Its chief use now is for gun-stocks. The 
kernels of the walnuts abound in oil, which is prone to become 
rancid, either in the kernel or when expressed, and is then 
unwholesome. Properly dried, the nuts are sweet, wholesome 
and nutritious. The expressed oil is not congealed by cold, 
and, drying on exposure to air, it is useful in painting. It 
is also used in cookery, as a substitute for the olive and almond 
oils. The nut-bread, left after the expressure of the oil, is nu- 
tritious, and is used to fatten poultry and other domestic ani- 
mals. The bark of the several species is bitter and astringent, 
and has been recommended in fevers, and to give tone and 
strength to the stomach. The sap abounds in sugar, which 
crystalizes on evaporation, like that of the sugar-cane. Fer- 
