182 WOODY PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
mented, the sap affords an intoxicating liquor called walnut 
wine.* 
There are two species found native in New England: 
1. The Butternut, known by its long, ovate fruit, covered 
with clammy hairs, and 
2. The Black Walnut, whose fruit is nearly round, not hairy, 
but slightly rough with granular points. 
Sp. 1. Tue Burrernut oz On Nur Tree. Juglans cinerea. L. 
Figured in Bigelow’s Medical Botany, Plate 32 ; in Michaux; Sylva, Plate 31; 
and in Audubon’s Birds of America, Plate 142. 
A low, broad-headed tree rising to the height of thirty or forty 
feet, and spreading to a considerable distance on every side. 
Even in the forest it shows little disposition to soar to a great 
height. The recent shoots are of a light greenish gray, downy, 
soon becoming of a clear light gray, obscurely dotted. ‘The 
branchlets of last year are stout, smooth, of an ashen brown, 
with gray dots, the scar of the leaf conspicuous and large. 
The branches are horizontal or slightly inclining upwards, very 
long, irregular, with a gray bark, soon cracking and growing 
rough with grayish superficial rifts, the lenticular dots long and 
lighter-colored; on the very large branches the prominent ru- 
gosities often cross each other diagonally, cutting the surface 
into lozenges, or the clefts separate, widening into diamonds; 
while the trunk, covered with a dark granite gray bark, is 
rough, with clefts not running into each other. The leaves are 
compound, twelve to eighteen inches long, with from three to 
seven, rarely eight, pairs of sessile leaflets, and an odd one 
which is supported on a prolonged footstalk. The common 
footstalk is stout at base, tapering, rounded or angular, or often 
flattened horizontally below the leaves and vertically between 
them, very downy, as is the lower surface of the leaves. The 
leaflets are from two to four inches long, and somewhat less than 
half as wide, lance-ovate, rounded at base, gradually tapering to 
* Burnett’s Outlines ; II, p. 528. 
