xX. I. THE AMERICAN ELM. 295 
kindness of Dr. O. W. Holmes and J. J. Dixwell, Esq. Others 
I have obtained from other individuals and from the New Eng- 
Jand Farmer, and a still greater number I have measured my- 
self. In the following statistics, the words “ circumference,’’ 
“feet,” ‘‘inches,” and “from the ground,” will be generally 
omitted :— 
Three miles from Hingham, a fine tall elm measured, in June, 1840, 12 feet 
7 inches at 4% feet. It is of the Etruscan vase shape, and a fine specimen. In 
the same year, an old elm at Heard’s Island, in Wayland, was 20 feet at 14, 
and 15 feet 5, at 35. A very noble tree, 75 feet high, and with a spread of 128 
feet from northeast to southwest, and not much less in any direction, covering 
a broad space withits dense shade. One in Lincoln, a beautifully irregular 
and picturesque tree, with a full, broad head, growing on the road-side, and 
giving a cheerful aspect to two houses, and on which a family of onoles 
had built their hanging nests for not less than seventeen years,—was 12 feet 9, 
at 5 feet. A broad, spreading tree on the Old Common in Lancaster, was 14 
feet 6, at 5 feet 6. East of Centre Bridge, in the same town, on the south side 
of the river, by a green lane which was once a town road, a tree of 70 or 80 
feet high, measured 20 feet 9, at 2 feet above the bulging of the roots. An 
elm near Breck’s garden, one half in a wall, was 16 feet 3, at54. It enlarges 
above and divides into many branches, spreading into a vase-lihe shape, witha 
broad, magnificent head of 80 or 90 feet in height. Several other very noble 
trees are near by. 
The following were measured by Dr. Holmes, in September, 
1837 :— 
Great elm, at Springfield, was 29 feet 4, at about 1 foot; 25 feet 10, at 2 or 3; 
24 feet8,at 5. A curious tree, also in Springfield, was 20 feet 1, at 1; 18 feet 
5, where smallest; 22 feet 11, at 5. One on Northampton meadow, was 22 
feet 2, at 1; 22 feet at 3; 23 feet 9,at5. A second was, 19 feet 7, at 1; 16 
feet 6, at 5. One in Mr. Whitney’s yard, in that town, was 22 feet 2, atl; 
18 feet 7, at 5. One on Deerfield street was, 17 feet 7, at 5; another, on the 
Colman farm, 23 feet 9, at 1; 16 feet 7, at 5. A tree at Hatfield, measured 
35 feet 9, ata little above 1; 23 feet 2, at 5; 22 feet 7, at 64. The elm on 
the Common, at Pittsfield, was 17 feet 4, at 1; and 12 feet 7, at 5. One on 
the Wendell farm, 20 feet at 1; 13 feet 4, at 5. Thaddeus Morse, at Med- 
field, had a tree which measured 37 feet 4, probably at the ground. 
The following elm trees, in Northampton, were measured by 
Mr. Dixwell, in November, 1841 :— 
On the intervale between the town and river, in ‘* Middle Meadow,’’ an old 
elm, within sight of the ferry-landing, from Mount Holyoke towards the south- 
