330 WOODY PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
the bark of some species of the flowering ash, exudes the mild 
and useful purgative known by the name of manna. ‘The olive 
is one of a very few plants which yield oil from the fleshy part 
of their fruit, it being almost universally confined to the kernel 
or seed. The sap of the ash has some resemblance to that of 
the maple. 
The family is divided into three sections, each of which has 
a representative, indigenous or introduced, in our forests or gar- 
dens :— 
1. ‘Tse Otive T'r1ze,—whose fruit is a drupe or berry, com- 
prehending, with the Olive, the Privet, the Philly’rea, and the 
Fringe ‘I'ree, or Snow Flower ; 
2. THe Luac Trize,—truit a capsule; containing the Lilac 
and the Fontanesia ; 
3. Tue Ase Trise,—fruit a key; the Ash and the Ornus, or 
Flowering Ash. 
1. THE OLIVE TRIBE. OLEINEZ. 
The only genus which has become naturalized, is 
AY. 1. THE PRIVET. LIGUSTRUM. Tournefort. 
his genus contains a very few shrubs or low trees, indige- 
nous to the temperate regions of Emrope and Central Asia, with 
opposite, entire, smooth leaves, and flowers in terminal panicles. 
The calyx is short and four-toothed; the corolla has a short 
tube, longer than the calyx, with its border four-lobed. Sta- 
mens two, with short fiiaments attached to the tube of the 
corolla. ‘The ovary is two-celled, with two ovules in each cell, 
and surmounted by a very short style bearing a two-cleft stig- 
ma. The berry is two-celled with one or two seeds in each 
cell. 
Tue Common Priver or Pam. JL. vulgare. L. 
A hardy shrub, with numerous opposite branches, growing to 
the height of six or eight feet. It grows in clumps, from strong, 
matted, bright yellow roots. The bark on the trunk is of a dark 
