434. WOODY PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
a leaf being below each of one or two of the lower partial foot- 
stalks. The calyx-segments are long and acute. Stamens 
usually 10, and styles1 or 2. The fruit is on slender, some- 
what branched stalks, dependent from the end of spurs which 
are shorter than the thorns, oblong-globose, dotted with brown, 
crowned with the 5 very acute segments of the calyx. 
The thorns are two or three inches long, or more, very sharp 
and slender, and, when young, set with a few minute leaves. 
Several varieties of this thorn are found or produced by culti- 
vation. 
Found from Canada to Florida, and westward to Missouri. 
Sp. 2. Tue Wuire Tyorn. Scaruet-Fruirep Torn. 
C. coccinea. LL. 
A low, round-headed, much branched tree, growing naturally 
on rather dry, rocky hills, but found by the banks of streams, 
and in all kinds of soil. When surrounded by other trees, it 
sometimes attains the height of twenty-five feet. 
The trunk on old trees has a light gray, scaly bark, often 
rugged and knurly, and not unfrequently armed with stout 
thorns, especially between the lower branches. The recent 
branchlets are of a dark olive green, which gradually turns to 
alight gray. The thorns are long, pointed, and somewhat fal- 
cate, or short and stout, sometimes solitary, more frequently by 
the side of a short branch. 
The leaves are of a soft, leathery texture, round-ovate, or 
rhomboid, or broad-elliptical, in their outline, often entire and 
usually wedge-shaped at base, or slightly decurrent into a slen- 
der footstalk; on the sterile branches often heart-shaped at base; 
serrate towards the end, and nearly entire or more or less deeply 
divided, on each side, into 2 to 4 acuminate lobes; smooth on 
both surfaces, dark green above, lighter beneath. Flowers in 
May or June. The segments of the calyx are glandular-den- 
tate; ine stamens often only 10; styles 3 to 5. The fruit is 
globose, or pear-shaped, half an inch long, one third of an inch 
broad, of a bright scarlet. 
Found from Canada to Texas, and westward to Kentucky. 
