LIST OF ONE HUNDRED TREES MOST VALUABLE FOR TIMBER. 



57 



List of one hundred species of irecs of the United States most valuable for timber, ivith votes on their range of distribution. 



cultural requirements 9 and the character and use of their wood — Continued. 



Name of species ami limit of size. 



H7. INCENSE CEDAR 



California coast from Oregon 

 southward ; forest-forming. 



(Bastard Cedar. Post Cedar. 

 Incense Cedar.) 



(Libocedrus decurreiis Torr.) 



Height, 100 icet -f ; diameter, 

 G feet +. 



38. REDWOOD 



(Sequoia sempervuens Endl.) 



Heiulit, 300 feet + ; diameter, 



20 feet -1-. 



39. BIO -TREE California; very local and isolated 



(Sequoia w a s h i n g t o n i ana 

 iWInsl.) Sudw.) 



Height, 350 feet + ; diameter, 

 3o feet +. 



Regions of abundant growth. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth. 



In interior valley between Coast 

 Range and Sierra from middle 

 Oregon to California (between 

 3,000 and 8,500). 



Slopes and valle\ a, in well-drained and dry soils. Rapid grower ; 

 of excellent -ippearanee. In the East probably adapted only 

 to Southern States; succeeds excellently at Washington, D. 0. 



Low, moist, well-drained situations and damp climate; not on 

 dry hillsides. 



Vigorous and persistent grower; shade-enduring; sprouts from 

 the stump. Highly important for California forestry; per 

 haps also for that of Southern States. 



Moist situations, between 4,000 and 6,000 feet. 

 Probably only of historical interest. 



B. BROAD-LEAFED TREES. 



(With few exceptions these trees are deciduous.) Neither a strictly botanical nor a strictly practical classifi- 

 cation in large groups has been attempted, hut a sequence within botanical relations, and an arrangement according 

 to the nature of the seed has been more or less observed, placing first the acorn and nut-bearing trees, next those 

 with hard, wingless seeds, and lastly, those with soft and winged seeds. 



The Oaks. — Wood very variable, usually very heavy and hard, very strong and tough, porous, and of coarse 

 texture; the sapwood whitish, the heart "oak" brown to reddish brown. It shrinks and checks badly, giving 

 trouble in seasoning, but stands well, is durable, and little subject to attacks of insects. Oak is used for many 

 purposes: In shipbuilding, for heavy construction, in common carpentry, in furniture, car, and wagon work, cooperage, 

 turnery, and even in wood carving; also in the manufacture of all kinds of farm implements, wooden mill machinery, 

 for piles and wharves, railway ties, etc. The oaks are medium to large-sized trees, forming the predominant part of 

 a large portion of our broad-leafed forests, so that these are generally " oak forests," though they always contain a 

 considerable proportion of other kinds of trees. Three well-marked kinds — white, rod, and live oak— are dis- 

 tinguished and kept separate in the market. Of the two principal kinds white oak is the stronger, tougher, less 

 porous, and more durable. Bed oak is usually of coarser texture, more porous, often brittle, less durable, and even 

 more troublesome in seasoning than vvhite oak. In carpentry and furniture work, red .oak brings about the same 

 price at present as white oak. The red oaks everywhere accompany the white oaks, and, like the latter, are usually 

 represented by several species in any given locality. Live oak, once largely employed in shipbuilding, possesses all 

 the good qualities (except that of size) of white oak, even to a greater degree. It is one of the heaviest, hardest, 

 and most durable building timbers of this country; in structure it resembles the red oaks, but is much less porous. 



Name of species and limit of size. 



40. WHITE OAK 



(Quercus alba Linn.) 



Height. 100 feet + ; diameter, 

 3 feet +. 



41. COW OAK 



(Swamp Chestnut Oak, Basket 

 Oak.) 



(Quercus michauxii Nutt.) 



Height, 100 feet -j ; diameter, 

 3 feet +. 



42. CHINQUAPIN OAK 



(Quercus acuminata (Michx.) 

 Houba.) 



Height, 80 feet + ; diameter, 

 3 feet +. 



43. LITE OAK 



(Quercus virginiana Miller.) 



Height, 80 feet +• ; diameter, 

 3 feel -j~. 



Regions of abundant growth. 



North Central, Central and East- 

 ern States. 



Best development on western 

 slopes of Allegheny Mountains 

 and valley of Ohio iliver. 



Southeastern 



Best development on the rich bot- 

 tom lands of southeastern Ar- 

 kansas and Louisiana. 



Central and Middle Atlantic re- 

 gion. 



Largest growth in lower Ohio Val- 



ley 



Southern States. 



Greatest development in southern 

 Atlantic States. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth. 



Grows well on a great varietj' of soils, but best on deep, mod- 

 erately moist, well-drained, loamy sand, and in warm situa- 

 tions." Slow but persistent grower; light-needing; capable 

 of enduring shade, hut not with advantage. Most valuable 

 of the American oaks. 



Moist, rich soil; will endure flooding. 



The most valuable of the White Oaks for the Gulf States. 



Best in deep, rich, moist, well-drained bottom lands, hut grows 

 well and is not uncommon on dry, fertile, limestone soils ; it 

 also succeeds on clayey and sandy soils of uplands. 



Tfarm, loamy soil, retentive of moisture, and free from over 

 flow. 



One of the most rapid growers of all the oaks; most shade- 

 enduring; evergreen foliage. Especially desirable for South- 

 ern forestry. 



