LIST OP ONE HUNDRED TREES MOST VALUABLE FOR TIMBER. 



59 



List of one hundred species of trees of the United States most valuable for timber, ivith notes on their range of distribution, 



cultural requirements, and the character and uses of their wood — Continued. 



Name of species and. limit of size. 



55. BEECH 



(Fagus at*opunicea (Marsh.) 

 Sudw.) 



Height, 100 feet + ; diameter, 

 3 feet +. 



56. CHESTNUT. 



(Gastanea dent at a (Marsh.) 

 Borkh.) 



Height, 90 feet -f- ; diameter, 

 14 feet |- . 



57. BLACK WALNUT 



(Juglans nigra Linn,) 



Height, 100 feet + ; diameter, 

 4 feet -J-. 



58. BTJTTEBNUT 



(White Walnut.) 



(Juglans cinerea Linn.) 



Height, 80 feet + ; diameter, 

 2 feet 4-. 



Begions of abundant growth. 



East of Mississippi and Missouri 

 rivers. 



Best development probably on 

 "bluff" formations of Lower 

 Mississippi basin. 



Northeastern and Middle Atlantic 

 States. 



Best development on western 

 slopes of Allegheny Mountains. 



Northeastern, Central, and South- 

 eastern States. 



Best development on southern 

 slopes of Allegheny Mountains 

 and in bottom lands of south- 

 western Arkansas and Indian 

 Territory. 



Northeastern States 



Best develoi«nent in basin of Ohio 

 River. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth 



Fresh, rich, but not necessarily a deep soil; limestone soils. 



For rocky, exposed situations. Rapid grower and enduring 

 shade exceedingly well, a fact which renders it one of the 

 most valuable aids in forestry. 



Well drained gravelly soils; succeeds on rocky hillsides with 

 soil of sufficient looseness and depth ; on northern and eastern 

 exposures; will thrive on rather poor sand , slow and uncer- 

 tain in stiff, clayey soil; on limestone only when well fissured. 



Exceedingly rapid grower; moderately shade-enduring; sprouts 

 most vigorously and persistently from the stump ; large yield 

 per acre. 



Deep, loose, fresh to moist, warm, and sandy loam; will grow 

 in a dry and compact soil, but not in a wet one. 



Hardy and rapid grower, especially in height; only centena- 

 rians produce first -class quality ol lumber, but useful timber 

 may be produced in 40 to 60 years. Sprouts freely from the 

 stump. Not recommended for arid or subarid regions nor for 

 uplands. 



Prefers a deep, rich, cool loam ; suited to cooler sites and colder 

 climate than the foregoing species. Eapid grower when 

 young. 



The Hickories, and other hard-seeded varieties. — The Hiclcories, — Wood very heavy, hard, and strong, 

 tough, of rather coarse texture, smooth, and of straight grain. The broad sapwood white, the heart reddish nut 

 brown. It dries slowly, shrinks and checks considerably ; is not durable in the ground, or if exposed, and, especially 

 the sapwood, is always subject to the inroads of boring insects. Hickory excels as carriage and wagon stock, but is 

 also extensively used in the manufacture of implements and machinery, for tool handles, timber pins, for harness 

 work, and cooperage. The hickories are tall trees with slender stems, never form forests, occasionally small groves, 

 but usually occur scattered among other broad-leafed trees in suitable localities. The following species all contrib- 

 ute more or less to the hickory of the markets : 



Name of species and limit of size. 



59. 8HAGBARK M1CKOR1T 



(Shellbark Hickory.) 



(Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britt.) 



Height, 100 feet + ; diameter, 

 2 teet 4- . 



60. BITTERNUT 



(Pignut. Swamp Hickorx*., 



(Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britt.) 



Height, 80 feet -j- ; diameter, 

 2 feet + . 



61. MOCKERNUT 



(bullnut. klngnut. black 

 Hickory. Bigbud Hickory. 

 Whiteheart Hickory.) 



(Hicoria alba (Linn.) Britt.) 



Height, 90 feet -f- ; diameter, 

 3 leet -f- . 



62. SHELLBAPvK HICKORY. 

 (Bottom Shellbark.) 



(Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f) 

 Sarg.) 



Height, 70 feet 4- ,* diameter, 

 3 feet -f* . 



Regions of abundant giowth. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth. 



Eastern United States ; wide range. Deep, fresh soil; a compact soil not objectionable; not on poor, 



dry, or wet soils. 



Best development west of the Alle- 

 gheny Mountains. 



Eastern United States ; wide range 



Eastern United States ; wide range. 



Most abundant and generally dis- 

 tributed in the Southern States. 



Central United States; local. 



At first slow, but afterwards rapid grower; sprouts well from 

 the stump. Moderately shade enduring. Somewhat liable to 

 injury by frost. 



To replace Shagbark Hickory on low, moist, or wet ground. 



Sprouts well from the stump. 



Less liable to frost than Shagbark Hickory, but more subject to 

 the ravages of insects. 



To replace Shagbark Hickory on poorer and drier soils; will 

 succeed even on barrens. 



Sprouts well from the stump, but slow grower ; liable to attacks 

 of insects. 



Rich, deep soil ; especially adapted to well-drained bottom lands, 

 but succeeds with slower growth on drier uplands. 



Climatically confined. 



