LIST OF ONE HUNDRED TKEES MOST VALUABLE FOR TIMBER. 



61 



List of one hundred species of trees of the United States most valuable for timber, with notes on their range of distribution, 



cultural requirements, and the character and uses of their wood — Continued. 



Name of species and limit of size. 



VI HARDY CATALPA. 



(Catatym speciam Warder.) 



Height, 80 i'eot \~ ; diameter, 

 3 feet (-. 



74. COMMON OAT ALP A 



(Gatalpa catalpa (Linn.) Karat.) 



Height, 40 ihet + ; diameter, 

 H feet-r- 



Regions of abundant growth. 



South Central States; rare, but 

 widely cultivated for ornament. 



Best development in valley of 

 lower Wabash River. 



Gulf States, but widely cultivated 

 for ornament. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth. 



Adapted to a great variety of .soils, best on low, rich bottom 

 lands. 



Very rapid "rower; sprouts vigorously from the stump; ahadc 

 enduring. Good seeder and keeper. Readily propagated from 

 seed, cuttings, and layers. 



Desirable tro«» for Western planting. Foliage subject to ravages 

 of insects. 



Like the preceding, to be used in Southwestern planting, to 

 which it is best adapted. 



The Ashes, Maples, Elms, etc.— The wood of the fishes is heavy, hard, strong*, stiff, quite tongh, not durable 

 in contact with soil, straight grained, rough on the split surface, and coarse in texture. The wood shrinks moder- 

 ately, seasons with little injury, "stands "well, and takes a good polish. In carpentry ash is used for finishing lumber, 

 stairways, panels, etc.; it is used in shipbuilding, in the construction of cars, wagons, carriages, etc., in the manu- 

 facture of farm implements, machinery, and especially of furniture of all kinds, and also for harness work; for 

 barrels, baskets, oars, tool handles, hoops, clothespins, and toys. The trees of the several species of ash are rapid 

 growers, of small to medium height, with stout trunks; they form no forests, hut occur scattered in almost all our 

 broad-leaved forests. 



Name of species and limit of size. 



75. WHITE ASH 



(Fiaxinus americana Linn.) 



Heiiiht. 100 feet -f- ; diameter, 

 3 feet-f-. 



76. BLACK ASH 



(Hoop Ash. Ground Ash.) 



(Fraxinus nigra Marsh.) 



Height, 90 feet -f ; diameter, 

 2 J feet +. 



Regions of abundant growth. 



Eastern ; wide range 



Best development in lower Ohio 

 basin. 



Northern and Northeastern States. 

 The most northerly of the ashes. 



77. GREEN ASH 



(Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh.) 



Height, 50 feet -f- ; diameter, 

 1£ feet -K 



78. BLUE ASH ' 



i 

 (FraxinusqvadraJigulatalSliehx.) 



Height, 70 feet -f- ; diameter, i 



2 iVet +. ' ! 



79. OREGON ASH 



(Fraxinus oregona Nutt.) 



Height, 60 feet -j- ; diameter, 

 1| feet -f- . 



80. 8UOAK MAPLE 



'Hard Maple. Sugar-tree.) 

 (Acer mccharum Marsh.) 



Height, 100 feet + ; diameter, 



3 feet +. 



81. SILVER MAPLE 



( White Maple. Soft Maple.) 



(Acer saccharinum Linn.) 



Height, 90 feet -f ; diameter, 

 3 feet -f . 



"Western States east of Rocky 

 Mountains and South ; most com- 

 mon and best developed in the 

 Mississippi Valley. 



Central States 



Best development in basin of lower 

 Wabash River. 



Northwestern coast region 



Best development in bottom lands 

 of southwestern Oregon. 



Eastern United States and north- 

 ward. 



Best development in region of the 

 Great Lakes. 



Eastern United States. 



Best development in basin of lower 

 Ohio River. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth. 



Depth, looseness, and moisture of soil of most importance. Best 

 in moist atmosphere of northern and eastern exposures. Will 

 succeed in wet and compact soil if well drained, but main tains 

 itself with slow growth in a light and dr> one. 



Rapid grower; light needing, thinning out rapidly, and therefore 

 requiring shady, .slower- growing companions. " Sprouts vigor- 

 ously and persistently from the stump. Often a poor seeder; 

 seed not easily kept, tending to "lie over." Liable to attacks 

 of borer and to frost when young. 



Soils like those fori*, americana, but indifferent to draiiwge, and 

 more dependent on moisture; therefore well adapted to uti 

 drained situations in cool climate; otherwise like americana. 



Less dependent on humidity of soil than the White Ash, but 

 prefers a deep, cool, moist soil, and will succeed even on inun- 

 dated lands. 



Rapid but not persistent grower. Seed germinates readily. 



The ash for "Western planting. 



Less dependent on moisture than other ashes; prefers a rich, 

 deep, moist soil, and grows well on dry limestone soils. 



Recommended for Western planting. 



Moist soils and climate. 



Best on moderately deep, loose, well-drained, strong, loamy, and 

 calcareous soil, in moipt, cool position ; will grow also on stiff 

 clay, if not too wet, and on stony hillsides, if not too dry. 



Tolerably rapid and persistent grower ; m oderately shade endur- 

 ing; does not sprout well from the stump. 



Not well adapted to dry regions. 



Adapted to a variety of soils and climates, but best on rich, 

 moist soil. 



Very rapid but not persistent grower; light needing*; sprouts 

 vigorously from the stump ; liable to injury from winds ; com- 

 paratively free from insects. 



Especially recommended as a nurse in Western planting. 



