LIST OF ONE HUNDRED TEEES MOST VALUABLE FOR TIMBER. 



63 



List of one hundred species of trees of the United /States most valuable for timber, with notes on their range of distribution , 



cultural requirements, and the character and iises of their wood — Continued. 



Name of species and limit of size. 



93. WHITE BIRCH. 



(Old-field Birch. Gray 

 Bisch.) 



(Betula populifolia Marsh.) 



Height, 30 feet -f ; diameter, 

 1 foot -f. 



94. BASSWOOD 



(American Linden. Bee-tree. 

 Lime-ibee.) 



{Tilia americana Linn.) 



Height, 100 feet + ; diameter, 

 3 ieet+. 



95. WHITE BASSWOOD 



(Tilia heterophylla Vent.) 



Height, 60 feet + ; diameter, 

 3 teet-f • 



96. SYCAMORE 



(buttonwood. buttonball- 

 tree. "Water Beech.) 



(Platanus occidentalis Linn.) 



Height, 120 feet + ; diameter, 

 6feet+. 



97. COTTONWOOD 



(Carolina Poplar. Big Cot- 

 tonwood. Necklace Pop- 

 lar.) 



(Populus deltoides Marsh.) 



Height, 100 feet + ; diameter, 

 4 feet + . 



98. LARGE-TOOTH ASPEN. 



(White Poplar.) 



(Populus grandidentata Miehx.) 



Height, 60 feet + ; diameter, 



2 feet -f. 



99. BALM OF GILEAB 



(Balsam Poplar Tacamahac.) 



{Popidvs baUamifera Linn ) 



Height, 70 feet -f- ; diameter, 

 3 feet-f. 



100. ASPEN. 



(American Aspen.) 



(Populus tremvloides Michx.) 



Height, 30 feet (- ; diameter, 

 1* feet h . 



Eegions of ahundant growth. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth. 



Northeastern coast region. 



East of the Mississippi and Mis- 

 souri rivers ; wide range. 



Greatest development in valley of 

 Lower Wabash Eiver. 



Middle and South Atlantic re- 

 gion. 



Best development in southern Al- 

 leghenies. 



East of the Mississippi and Mis- 

 souri rivers. 



Best development in bottom lands 

 of the Ohio and Mississippi 

 rivers. 



East of the Eocky Mountains 



Northern and Northeastern States - 



Northern United States 



Northern and Southwestern 

 (in United Stntes) ; in Pacific re- 

 gion, from 6,000 to 10,000 feet ele- 

 vation. 



Adapted to drier and poorer soils than other birches. 

 Short-lived; rapid grower; sprouts readily from the stump. 

 Probably least important of the birches. 



Deep, moderately loose, and somewhat moist soil; can endure a 

 wet soil, but will not thrive on a dry one. 



Itapid and persistent grower; sprouts vigorously from the 

 stump ; endures moderate shade. 



Not very hardy, but in cool situations a desirable adjunct in 

 forestry. 



Deep, rich, moist, well-drained soils of mountain coves, lower 

 slopes, and on the banks of streams; frequent also on rich 

 limestone soils of the plain, and succeeds on dry, gravelly, 

 clayey, and sandy soils of moderate richness; important for 

 Southern planting in place of the Northern basswood. 



Eich, moist soil, low ground, thriving in swamps subject to 

 overflow ; grows well on moist upland. 



Wide climatic range, but liable to frost when young; light 

 needing; secondary in forestry. 



Adapted to a variety of soils, but best in a moist, strong, loamy 

 one. 



Exceedingly rapid grower; sprouts vigorously from the stump; 

 light needing; thinning out rapidly,- short-lived and exhaust- 

 ive to the soil; most readily propagated. 



Has been recommended for planting on Western prairies, 

 chiefly on account of its rapidity of growth, ease of procuring 

 „ plant* material, and of propagation. In forestry should be 

 used only as a nurse with better and shady kinds. 



Northern States, in moist situations; grows well in all fresh 

 upland soils. 



A substitute for cottonwood in the most northern localities. 

 Thrives in moist, rich, well-drained soils. 



Of value mainly as a tree naturally covering denuded mountain 

 sides and as a quick-growing nurse for better kinds. 



Note 1. — Trees which may be looked to as capable of enduring more or less unfavorable sites : 



Dry to barren soils : Nos. 2* 3, 4, 5, 11, 15, 30, 31, 47, 48, 53, 64, 66, 68, 82, 87, 93. 



Insufficiently drained soils : Nos. 3, 9, 21, 28, 31, 32, 41, 50, 54, 65, 76, 82, 85, 86, 91, 96. 



Stiff soils : Nos. 31, 32, 53, 54, 67, 73, 74, 77, 84, 85. 



Prairie planting : Tried, Nos. 1, 4, 17, 25, 30, 31, 47, 51, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 

 87, 89. Worthy of trial, Nos. 2, 7, 11, 31, 40, 48, 69. 



Note 2. — Of exotics which have been successfully introduced for forest culture, the following may be cited as 

 deserving more or less attention : 



Conifers: Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.), Austrian Pine (Pinus austriaca, Hoss.), Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio, 

 Poir.), Norway Spruce {Picea excelsa, D. C), Nordmann's Fir (Abies Nordmanniana, Link.), European Larch (Larix 

 Europcea, D. C). 



Broad-leafed trees: English Oak (Quereus robur, L,), Cork Oak (Quercns suber, Linn.), Black Alder (Alnus gluti- 

 nosa, Gaertn.), Ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf.), Black Mulberry (Morus nigra, L.). Australian Gum Trees: 

 Eucalyptus globulus, Labil., E. rostrata, Oav. Australian Wattle Trees: Acacia decurrens, Willd 7 A.pycnaniha, Benth f 

 Gray Poplar (Populus caneecens, Smith), 



