ClliLi 



FORESTRY INVESTIGATIONS U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



Per head of population, and comparing with the consumption in the United States, this 

 becomes: 



Consumption of wood per capita of popidation (cubic feet). 



Country. 



Germany 



England . ... 



France 



United States 



Produced 

 at home. 



40.5 

 3.6 

 30 

 349.7 



Import 



over 

 export. 



8.8 

 11.5 

 2 



0.3 



Lots tim- 

 ber. 



15 

 13 

 8.3 

 a 50 



Iielative 

 wood con- 

 sumption 

 per head. 



Per cent. 



4. 3 

 9 

 100 



a This refers to lumber or sawed material alone. 



Since the consumption by sawmills of large timber, particularly coniferous material, is still 

 increasing, it is clear that Germany has not nearly as much forest land as it needs, or else must 

 still improve greatly its methods of production. At present 20 per cent of its saw timber, etc., 

 is imported. 



The following figures give an idea of the extent and distribution of the German trade in 

 woods and wood manufactures : 



Germany's trade in wood and wood manvfaetures t 1892. 



Country. 



United States 



.Russia 



Austria-Hungary . . . 



Sweden 



France 



England 



Holland 



Norway 



Belgium 



Denmark 



Hamburg 



Switzerland 



East India 



Spam 



Argentina 



Brazil 



Porto Rico and Cuba 



Total 



Imports. 



a $2, 418,000 



b 26, 908, 000 



o 16, 363, 000 



d5, 222, 000 



1, 796, 000 



1,313,000 



822, 000 



849, 000 



730, 000 



56, 000 



124, 000 



220, 000 



e 1, 114, 000 



/ 1,302,000 



g 359,000 



68, 000 



h 352, 000 



60, 016, 000 



Exports. 



$1, 504, 000 

 741, 000 



1, 946, 00O 

 305, 000 



3, 405, 000 

 13, 449, 000 



2, 546, 000 

 176, 000 



1, 469, 000 

 967, 000 

 1,551,000 

 1, 822, 000 

 174, 000 

 354, 000 

 129. 000 

 384, 000 



30, 922, 000 



a Lumber. 

 b Pine loffs. 



c Oak, etc., logs. 

 d Sawed lumber. 



e Largely rattan. 

 / Nearly all cork. 



q Largely quebracho. 

 h Mahogany, etc. 



The prices paid by Germany have so far been very reasonable. Thus her imported lumber 

 cost in 1892 only $18.30 per thousand feet; iirewood only $0.50 per cord; fine hewn timber 

 (mostly hard pine in long pieces) $30 per thousand feet, etc. 



With the enormous resources in European Eussia and Sweden, part of which are not even 

 organized as yet, there is no apprehension of rapid advances in prices and no likelihood of 

 scarcity of supply. 



FINANCIAL RESULTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



Concerning the financial results of forest management only the records of the State forests 

 are accessible. It is clear that the income depends on the amount of timber cut and the prices 

 obtained. If, therefore, the yearly cut has been increased, in some cases doubled, by good man- 

 agement since the beginning of this century, the income naturally is doubled. To this increase in 

 amount of salable material there was added a general advance in prices, partly due to the 

 depreciation of money in general, but vastly increased by the improvements in transportation, for 

 which large sums have been expended, especially during the last fifty years. 



The financial results of the various Government forest administrations vary considerably, as 

 is natural, since market conditions vary much. It is believed that all these administrations are 

 less profitable than they might be, being managed with great conservatism, and less for greatest 

 financial result than for desirable economic results. 



The following table exhibits in a brief manner the results of this kind of management, the 

 figures referring to conditions in 1890 or thereabout. The record for the city of Zurich is added 



