GERMAN FOHEST MANAGEMENT WUBTTEMBERG. 



233 



beech and other hard woods, leaving' out the oak. Moreover, the yields have been much greater 

 for conifers than beech. 



Thus the yield for material over 3 inches thick in the hard woods was only 51 cubic feet per 

 acre and conifers 74 cubic feet per acre, while the average value of the two is about as 5 for beech 

 and other hard woods, leaving out oak, to 8 for coniferous wood, so that the yield in money per 

 acre for the two was more nearly 2.4 times as great for conifers as for hard woods. 



The prices obtained for wood, generally deliveied at the main roads, was: Timber, oak (white 

 oak), 25 cents per cubic foot; conifers, LI. 7 cents per cubic foot. Cord wood, beech, 4.9 cents per 

 cubic foot, or $0.30 per cord; conifers, 3.6 cents per cubic foot, or $4.00 per cord. 



The money results were for 1804 as follows: 



Gross Income $3,019,000, or 100 per cent 



Total expense 1 ? 224, 000, or 40 per cent 



Net income 1 ? 795, 000, or 60 per cent 



or per acre of forest area : 



Gross income $3. 20 



Expenses 2. 51 



Net income 3. 69 



this latter forming 50 per cent of the gross revenue. 

 Among the expenses were conspicuous: 



Felling of timber $397,000 



Administration and protection 339, 000 



Roads, new, and repair 163, 000 



Taxes 103,000 



Planting, sowing, etc 91, 000 



The following figures illustrate the progress of the last eighty years, and at the same time 

 indicate how steadily this small area of otherwise almost valueless land has been made to furnish 

 an ample supply of timber and a handsome revenue: 



Results of forest management in the State forests of TTurttemherg. 



Tear. 



J.oJ.0 » . 



1819. 



182 5 



1828 



3834.. 



1841 . 



1845. 



1850 , 



185? 



I860.. 



1865 . 



1870.. 



1875.. 



1880.. 



1885.. 



1890.. 



1894.. 



Forest 

 area. 



If acres. 



472 



469 



445 



447 



452 

 455 

 457 

 460 

 465 

 467 

 471 

 474 

 476 

 480 



Wood orer 



3 inches 



thick cut 



each year. 



M cubic feet, 



15, 200 

 17, 200 

 17, 700 

 25, 000 

 25, 400 

 23, 800 

 26, 600 

 28, 400 



25, 300 



26, 600 

 28, 800 

 28, 700 

 29, 400 

 30, 200 

 30. 600 



Price pei 

 cubic foot 



Cents. 



4.3 

 7.5 

 9.7 

 7.5 

 10.7 

 8.0 

 8.1 

 8.7 

 9.3 



Per acre and year.a 



Net 

 income 



$0 30 



.42 



.52 



.64 



85 



78 



93 



11 



42 



3.22 



3 54 



2 62 



2.60 

 2.90 

 3.33 

 3.69 



Cut wood 

 over 3 

 inches. 



Gubicfcet, 



33 

 37 

 39 

 55 

 55 

 52 

 58 

 61 

 54 

 57 

 61 

 60 

 61 

 63 

 63 



a Refers to entire torest area— swamp, watei, surfaces, and all. 



Most of the logging is done by the cubic foot or cord, and the prices are about 60 to 65 cents 

 per 100 cubic feet of coniferous and 80 cents per 100 for hard-wood timber, while cord wood is 

 generally worked up for about $1 per cord, including piling at roadway. All cut-over land is 

 at once reforested. During 1894, 275 acres were thus recovered by seeding and about 6,000 acres 

 by planting, the latter being thus generally the rule, especially in the coniferous districts. The 

 total expenses of cultural work were $88,000, or less than 3 per cent of the gross income. 



The thiunings of the dense sapling timber involved during the year about 20,000 acres and 

 furnished about 240 cubic feet of wood per acre. Most of this material in the hard- wood district 

 has to be cut into inferior firewood, but the spruce, fir, and pine can usually be sold as poles and 

 pulp stuff, etc. 



