SYSTEM OF FORESTRY KNOWLEDGE. 257 



If we were to codify into a system tlie science of forestry as developed in Germany we might 

 come to the following scheme, which exhibits the various branches in which a well-educated 

 forester must be versed : 



System of Forestry Knowledge. 



I. FOREST POLICY— ECONOMIC BASIS OF FORESTRY (THE CONDITION). 



Aspects. 



1. Forestry statistics. (Areas, forest conditions; products. By-products: Trade; supply and demand; prices; 



substitutes.) 



2. Forestry economics. 



(a. Study of relation of forests on climate, soil, water, health, ethics, etc. 



T>. Study of commercial peculiarities and position of forests, and forestry in political economy.) 



3. History of forestry. 



Application* 



4. Forestry politics. (Formulation of rights and duties of the State and of its methods in developing forestry; legis- 



lation, State forest administration, education.) 



II. FOREST PRODUCTION — TECHNICAL BASIS OV FORESTRY (THE CROP). 



Aspects. 



5. Forest botany. (Systematic botany of arborescent flora; forest geography; plant and climate; biology of trees 



in their individual and aggregate life; forest weeds. 



6. Soil physics and soil chemistry with special reference to forest growth. 



7. Timber physics. (Anatomy of woods ; chemical physiology and physical properties of woods. Influences deter- 



mining same; diseases and faults.) 



8. Technology. (Application of wood in the arts ; requirements and behavior; mechanical and working properties; 



durability; special needs of consumers; use of by-products, waste materials, minor forest products.) 



Amplication* 



9. Silviculture. (Methods of growing the crop.) 



a. Natural reforestation ; cutting for rei>roduction. 



b. Artificial afforestation; procurement of plant material; nursery practice, choice of plant material, methods 



of soil preparation, of forest planting. 



c. Improving and accelerating the crop. Cultivation, filling, thinning, pruning, undergrowiug. 



d. Systems of management. Timber forest, standard coppice, coppice, etc. 



10. Forest protection. (Against insects, climatic injuries, fire, cattle, etc.) 



11. Forest improvement and, engineering, (Treatment of denuded mountain slopes, shifting sands, barrens, swamp 



and moors, road building, etc. ) 



12. Forest utilization. (Methods of harvesting, transporting, preparation for market.) 



III. FOREST ORGANIZATION — ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL BASIS (THE REVENUE). 



Aspects. 



13. Forest survey. Ascertaining area and condition of* the forest; ascertaining rate of accretion, yield. 



14. Forest valuation and static*. Ascertaining money value of forest soil and forest growth as capital of the manage- 



ment and comparing financial results of various kinds of management. 



Application. 4 



15. Forest regulation. Establishing units of management and administration; determining working plans, distri- 



buting yearly or periodical cut, etc. 



16. Forest administration. Routine methods, business practice, personnel, organization of service and mechanical 



operations. 



XjXXlhlXiJxx U-KJcLu 



In addition to the live teachings, which an able corps of professors impart at these institutions 

 and that which competent managers are ready to impart to the young students in the forest itself, 

 a large number of weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annual journals and publications are keeping 

 the foresters and forestry students au courant with the progress of forestry science and forestry 

 technique. Adding the publications of this nature which appear in Austria and Switzerland in 

 the German language, and which have their constituency in Germany as well, we can make the 

 H. Doc. 181 17 



