, TIMBER PHYSICS — EARLIEE WOEK. 383 



Kidder, F. E. Experiments at Maine State College on transverse strength of southern and white pine. Van Nostrand's 

 Magazine, 1879, vol. 22. 



Experiments with yellow and white pine. Van Nostrand's Magazine, 1880, vol. 23. 



Experiments on the strength and stiffness of small spruce beams. Van Nostrand's Magazine, 1880, vol. 24. 



Influence of time on bending strength and elasticity. Journal of Franklin Institute, 1882. Proceedings 



Institute of Civil Engineering, vol. 71. 



Lanza, Gaetano, professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Address before American Society of Mechanical 

 Engineers, describing the 50,000-pound testing machine at Watertown. Arsenal and tests of strength of large 

 spruce beams. Journal of Franklin Institute, 1883. 



Report of Boston Manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company of tests made with Watertown machine 



on columns of pine, white wood, and oak of dimensions used in cotton and woolen mills. See summary and 

 tables of same in Burr's Elasticity and Resistance of the Materials of: Engineering, p. 480. 



Macdonald, Charles. Necessity of government aid in making tests of materials for structural purposes. Paper read 

 before the American Institute of Mining Engineeis. Van Nostrand's Magazine, 1882, vol. 27, p. 177. 



Norton, Prof. W. A., Yale College. Kesnlts of experiments on the set of bars of wood, iron, and steel after a 

 transverse* set. Experiments discussed in two papers read before the National Academy of Science, 1874 and 

 1875. Published in Van Nostrand's Magazine, 1887, vol. 17, p. 531. 



Description of machine used is gh en in proceedings of the A. A. A. S., eighteenth meeting, 1869. 



Parker, Lieut. Col. F. H., United States Ordnance Department, Report of tests of American woods by the testing 

 machine, United States Arsenal, Watertown, under supervision of Prof. C. S. Sargent, for the Census Report, 

 1880. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 5, Forty- eighth Congress, first session, 1882-83. 



Report of experiments on the adhesion of nails, spikes, and screws in various woods, as made at Watertown 



Arsenal. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 35, Forty-ninth Congress, first session, 1883-81, and in leport on tests of metals 

 and other materials for industrial purposes at Watertown Arsenal, 1888-89. 



Also in report on tests of iron, steel, and other materials for industrial purposes at Watertown Arsenal, 



1886-87, pp. 188,189. 



Report on cubic compression of various woods, as shown by tests at Watertown Arsenal, 1885-86, in report 



on tests of metals, etc., for industrial purposes. 



Philbrick, Professor, Iowa University. New practical formulas for the resistance of solid and built beams, girders, 

 etc., with problems and designs. Van Nostrand's Magazine, 1886, vol. 35. 



Pike, Prof. W. A. Tests of white pine, made in the testing laboratory of the University of Minnesota. Van Nos- 

 trand's Magazine, 1S85, vol. 34, p. 472. 



Rothrock, Prof. J. T., University of Pennsylvania. Some microscopic distinctions between good and bad timber of 

 the same species. Read before American Philosophic Society. 



Smith, C. Shaler, C. E. Summary of results of 1,200 tests of full-size yellow-pine columns. See W. H. Burr's 

 Elasticity and Resistance of the Materials of Engineering, pp. 485-490. 



Thurston, Prof. R. H., Cornell University. The torsional resistance of materials. Journal of Franklin Institute, 

 1873, vol. 65. 



Experiments on torsion. Van Nostrand's Magazine, July, 1873. 



Experiments on the strength, elasticity, ductility, etc., of materials, as shown by a new testing machine. 



Van Nostrand's Magazine, 1874, vol. 10. 



. The relation of ultimate resistance to tension and torsion. Proceedings of Institute of Civil Engineers, 



vol. 7, 1878. 

 . The strength of American timber. Experiments at Stevens Institute. Paper before A. A. A. S., 1879. 



Journal of Franklin Institute, vol. 78, 1879. 

 . Effect of prolonged stress upon the strength and elasticity of pine timber. Journal of Franklin Institute. 



vol, 80, 1880. 



Influence of time on bending strength and elasticity. Proceedings A. A. A. S., 1881. Proceedings Institute 



of Civil Engineers, vol. 71. 

 Watertown Arsenal. Summary of results of tests of timber at, in Ex. Doc. No. 1, Forty -seventh Congress, second 



session. See Burr's Elasticity and Resistance of Materials of Engineering, pp. 486 and 535. 

 Wellington, A, M., c. e. Experiments on impregnated timber. Railroad Gazette, 1880, 



Organization and Methods. 



Although in the course of the investigations many minor and some more important changes 

 in methods became necessary, the general plan was in the main adhered to. We consider it, 

 therefore, desirable to restate from the same bulletin such portions as will explain the methods 

 pursued. The work at the test laboratory at St. Louis, Mo., was described in full by Prof. J. JB. 

 Johnson, in charge, and the methods in the examination of the physical properties of the test 

 material by the writer. 



There are four departments necessary to carry on the work as at x>resent organized, namely; 



(1) The collecting department. 



(2) The department of mechanical tests. 



