22 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE. 



pecially on the southwest side, where the bark is often first 

 injured by exposure to the sun, resulting in what is called 



sun-scald. All trees should be 

 carefully examined early in the 

 fall, when the young larva, if 

 present, may often be detected 

 by the discoloration of the bark, 

 \vhich sometimes has a flattened 

 and dried appearance, or by a 

 slight exudation of sap, or by 

 the presence of the sawdust- 

 like castings. Whenever sucli 

 indications are seen, the parts 

 should at once be cut into with 

 a knife and the intruder de- 

 stroyed. As a preventive meas- 

 ure there is nothing better than 

 coating the bark of the trunk and larger branches with a 

 mixture of soft-soap and solution of soda, as recommended 

 for the two-striped borer (No. 2). 



No. 4. — The Long-horned Borer. 



Leptostylus aculifer (Say). 



Although distributed over a wide area, this is by no means 

 a common insect, and seldom appears in suflScient numbers to 

 cause the fruit-grower any uneasiness. The beetle (Fig. 6) is 

 of rather an elegant form, with long, tapering an- 

 tennse *of a gray color, prettily banded w^ith black. 

 It is a little more than a third of an inch long, of 

 a brownish-gray color, with many small, thorn-like 

 points upon its wing-covers. There is also a V- 

 shaped band, margined with black, a little behind the middle 

 of the wing-cases. 



The perfect insect appears about the last of August, when it 

 occasionally deposits its eggs upon the trunks of apple-trees, 

 which shortly hatch into small grubs, and these eat their way 



