ATTACKING THE LEAVES. 313 



Fig. 324 it is shown of the natural size, with portions of the 

 segments magnified, showing the arrangement of the spines 

 on the back and side. 



On reaching maturity, which is usually from the middle 

 to the end of June, the larva leaves the bush, and, de- 

 scending to the ground, penetrates beneath the surface, and 

 there constructs a little, oval, earthy cocoon, mixed with silky 

 and glutinous matter. These cocoons are toughly made, and 

 may be taken out of the earth in which they are embedded, 

 and even handled roughly, without much danger of dis- 

 lodging the larvse. They remain within the cocoon for a 

 considerable time unchanged, finally transforming to chrysa- 

 lids, from which the flies escape early the following spring. 



These insects may be readily destroyed by syringing or 

 sprinkling the bushes with water in which powdered hellebore 

 has been mixed, in the proportion of an ounce of the powder 

 to a pailful of water. 



No. 181. — The Raspberry Apatela. 



Apatela brumosa Grote. 



The caterpillar of this moth, although never yet recorded 

 as very injurious, is more or less common on raspberry- 

 bushes every year in some localities. It does not appear in 

 flocks, but feeds singly. It is a gray hairy caterpillar, which 

 attains full growth during the latter part of July or in 

 August, when it measures, if in motion, about an inch and a 

 quarter long, but when at rest, owing to some of the segments 

 of the body being drawn partly within the others, it does 

 not measure more than an inch. The body is thickest from 

 the third to the seventh segment, tapering a little anteriorly 

 and posteriorly, and is of a brownish-black color, with a trans- 

 verse row of paler tubercles on each segment, from which 

 spring clusters of brownish-white or grayish hairs of varying 

 lengths. Behind the third segment there is a space down the 

 centre of the back where the dark color of the body is dis- 

 tinctly seen. The head is of a shining black color, the upper 



