io6 TIMBER AND SOME OF ITS DISEASES [chap. 



been repeated with respect to a medullary ray yet 

 higher up. 



We thus have two sets of forces, capillarity and 

 osmosis, supplementing one another : the capillarity 

 only supports the columns, the moving force is 

 endosmose. 



Westermaier points to a sentence in Nageli and 

 Schwendener's book on the microscope, as having 

 anticipated the probable necessity for distributing 

 the lifting forces at numerous points ; and he also 

 claims that his views are supported by their falling 

 in so well with the facts of anatomy. 



In contrast to the " Imbibition-'' and the " Gas- 

 pressure" theories, the above may be named (the 

 translation is not very happy, I fear) the " climbing " 

 or " clambering " theory.^ 



As regards the bearing of this explanation on 

 Dufour's experiments, the author points out that the 

 continuity of neither the medullary rays nor the ob- 

 liquely running wood-parenchyma strands, would be 

 broken by the bending or sawing. 



Westermaier then puts forward the result of some 

 experiments to measure the hydrostatic pressure and 

 endosmotic power of such cells as enter into considera- 



^ ^^ Kietterhewegtmg*^ — perhaps *' Step-theory" would meet the re- 

 quirement of the cn.se ? 



