24. 
DUNKIRK CLAY. 
The Dunkirk Clay lies just west of the Miami loan. 
Its eastern ovoundary is irregular, as it was formed by 
creek meanders. It rises abruptly from the Miami loam to 
a heipht of about Simsty feet. This abrupt rise is due to 
the fact that since glacial times the Dunkirk clay material has 
been deeply eut into by the creck east of the farm. The 
creek during its eutting has formed the Miami loam at the 
foot of the elay slopes. From the top of the slove of 
the present creek valley the Dunkirk clay rises gradually 
to the westward. Its surface is fairly level, except that 
deep cuts have been made in it by the small streams which 
cross it. 
| The Dunkirk Clay is a gray to dark brown clay or 
clay loam six to ten inches in depth, underlain oy a mottled 
or dark brown subsoil, whieh at the depth of three to six 
feet is underlain oy bouider clay. This type is the heaviest 
soil on the farm. Gravel is absent or only very occasional 
pebbles and small boulders may occur. The soil is in an 
exceedingly fine state of division. On this account when 
situated on hill sides it is subject to washing. Also it 
1s inadvisable to work it in wet weather on ascount of 
liability of puddling. On drying this soil cracks, and 
breaks up into hard lumps. In many ,laces on account of 
